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Experiences in the Korean
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Dr. Jae-Kyong Chun
Head of Research Center, Korea Legislation Research Institute
Hwang Eun-ju
Director, National Nature Trust (in Korea)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
1. Special character and situation of the Korean DMZ
2. Lessons learned or to be learned from Green Belt
in Germany and Europe
3. Future perspectives of the DMZ
4. Expectations on sharing experiences between the European
Green Belt and the Korean DMZ
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Korean War in 25. Jun. 1950
Armistice Agreement
on the Korean Peninsula of 1953 by the UN Command,
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK) , China
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
between Republic of Korea (South) & DPRK (North).
Length - 248km (155miles) long east to west.
Width- 4km (2.5 miles)
2km each in southern & northern part.
Area - 907 ㎢
NLL: Northern Limited Line
MDL: Military Demarcation Line
SLL: Southern Limited Line
CCL: Civilian Controlled Line
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
‘A military demarcation line shall be fixed and both sides shall withdraw
two (2) kilometres from this line so as to establish a demilitarized zone
between the opposing forces. A demilitarized zone shall be established as a
buffer zone to prevent the occurrence of incidents which might lead to a
resumption of hostilities’.
According to the Armistice Agreement (1953), the purposes and limits of the MDL
and the DMZ are as following.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
It has been hindering the DMZ area from its
sustainable development.
For 60 years,
no public access has been allowed
meanwhile, tension has built up around the
DMZ.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
1. Special character and situation of the DMZ
2. Lessons learned or to be learned from the Green Belt
in Germany and Europe
3. Future perspectives of the DMZ
4. Expectations on sharing experiences between the European
Green Belt & the Korean DMZ
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Korean Peninsula Trust Process
Step 1. Providing humanitarian aid to North Korea.
Step 2. Low-level inter-Korean Economic
Cooperation such as agricultural plantation.
Step 3. Large-scale infrastructure investment
in transportation and communications.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Housing development,
Intensification of agriculture and forestry,
Railway and road construction,
Farming, landslides and forest fires.
.
.
.
If appropriate policies were not prepared before the unification of South and North Korea,
what will happen to the DMZ ?
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
German Reunification in 1990 ~ 1996
Nationalization
1996 ~ 2005
Privatization (Retrocession, Disposal)
2005 ~
Communization
(Public sectors, NGOs, local communities)
Grünes Band
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Success factors and challenges of the German Green Belt governance.
Suk Kyung SHIM (2011) Governance of the German Green Belt Ecological Network
Implications for the Korean Demilitarized Zone, p.138.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Implication for the Korean DMZ.
19.Jul.2013 ~
DMZ Global Trust
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
1. Special character and situation of the DMZ
2. Lessons learned or to be learned from Green Belt
in Germany and Europe
3. Future perspectives of the DMZ
4. Expectations on sharing experiences between the European
Green Belt & the Korean DMZ
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
The northern part of DMZ is wholly owned
and managed by the North Korea government.
On the other hand, 40% of the southern parts
are privately owned.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Lack of conservation activities ;
Military tensions ;
Negligence on protecting nature...
Restricted public access ;
Political race among the
big countries around
Korea ;
Threatened ecosystem in DMZ.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
DM
Z
Ecolog
y
Peac
e
Histor
y
“Such areas like the Cheorwon plain, located
in DMZ, has a significant meaning in terms
of the its geographical and ecological aspects.”
Jorgen Fiebig Team manager, Production and Collection Birds
Specimens Department.
Naturkunde Museum Berlin
“DMZ area shows the pain and tragedy of
the Korean War, meanwhile, a significant
ecological value as being called repository
of nature resources.”
Julia Marton-Lefèvre Director General, IUCN
“Scientists estimate that over 1,600 types of
vascular plants and more than 300 species
of mushrooms, fungi and lichen are thriving
in the DMZ.
Mammals such as the rare Amurgoral,
Asiatic black bear, musk deer and spotted
seal inhabit the DMZ's land and marine
ecosystems.”
The Guardian, Apr 13, 2012
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
■ Potentiality of the DMZ Biosphere Reserve (BR).
□ ‘Ecological Treasure’
4,432 wildlife including 68 endangered species inhabit in DMZ & CCZ.
Conservation Sustainable development Logistic support for scientific
research and education
□ Unique biological & cultural resources
(Shim 2011 cited in Shin et al. 2007a: 6; Shin et al. 2007b: IV-6)
- 3 Natural monuments (11,444ha).
- 7 forest reserve for genetic resources (20,819ha).
- 2 ecosystem conservation areas (Ramsar wetland sites).
54%
7%
18%
9%
10% 1% 1% Forest
Agricultural land
Grassland
Waters
Bare land
Wetlands
Others
Paju
Yeoncheon
Cheorwon
Hwacheon
Inje
Yanggu
Goseong
Core Area Buffer
Zone
Transition
Zone
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Cheolwon Plain
is a cultural landscape in rice fields which refers to
habitats of migratory birds such as Red-crowned Cranes
and White-naped Cranes.
Wetland area in the mouth of the Imjin River and
the Han River
is inhabited by various birds.
Tidal flat area around the Ganghwa Island
is habitats for the endangered species such as Black-
faced Spoonbills .
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
1. Special character and situation of the DMZ
2. Lessons learned or to be learned from Green Belt
in Germany and Europe
3. Future perspectives of the DMZ
4. Expectations on sharing experiences between the European
Green Belt & the Korean DMZ
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
DMZ
Proposal for the making of
the DMZ Green Belt Partnership
“To support conservation of the unique biological and cultural resources of Korea's Demilitarized Zone.”
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
DMZ Global Trust
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
“We can start to grow peace, to grow trust.” by President Park, reported by the Washington Post
South Korean President Park Geun-hye in the U.S Congress (May 8, 2013).
"I will remain steadfast in pushing forward a process of
trust- building on the Korean peninsula. I'm confident that
trust is the path to peace, the path to a Korea that is whole
again.”
“I call on America and the global community to join us
in seeking the promise of a new day. It will be a zone of
peace, bringing together not just the Koreans separated
by a military line, but also the citizens of the world."
“The Demilitarised Zone must live up to its name, a zone
that strengthens the peace, not undermines it. It is with this
vision in mind that I hope to work toward an international
park inside the DMZ. It will be a park that sends a
message of peace to all of humanity.”
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Legal Limitations to the proposal for DMZ Green Belt
2) Public
participation
Due to a lack of funds, it is hard to purchase the
private lands by government itself.
National Nature Trust (NNT) has to lead the
public to participate in transforming private lands
within the DMZ into commons for our peaceful
future.
1) Land ownership
in the DMZ
To settle down the pressure of land use or
development, the private lands equivalent to 40%
of the whole lands of DMZ should be gradually
turned into commons.
According to the Nature Conservation Act, the
DMZ will be preserved as Nature-reserve Area
only during 2 years after Korean unification.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Legal Limitations to the proposal (continued).
4) Needs for the
future generation
The southern part of the DMZ has officially been
controlled by the UN commander. However, the
area is not under jurisdiction thereof in terms of
nature conservation matters.
Some private lands of DMZ might be preserved for
the future generations through the trust system of
which trustee is the National Nature Trust in Korea.
3) DMZ
Global Trust (GT)
The National Trust Act of 2006 was enacted by the
petition of civil society in Korea.
NNT is now about to launch the ‘DMZ GT’ which
refers to campaign for switching the private lands
in the DMZ (including the CCZ) into the commons
through the internal as well as global beneficiary
fund from 27 July 2013.
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
The Structure of DMZ Global Trust (GT)
1. Status of the DMZ GT Network
: environmental network on the DMZ
2. Goal of the DMZ GT Network
: preservation of the DMZ green belt
3. Management System
: governance between Government and NGO
(National Nature Trust plus NGOs)
4. Finance
: DMZ fund plus the governmental subsidy
5. Legal System
: trust [trustor + trustee + beneficiary]
6. International Cooperation
: share of experience and technical assistance
Experiences in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Paradigm Shift of the DMZ management: from a symbol of conflicts to a place of eco-peace.
Whereas the DMZ hitherto served to remind the
Korean people and the world of the lasting legacy
of military conflicts; henceforth it may become a
conservation symbol for the future generations.
The Ministry of Environment in Korea will hold
the international conference for eco-peace of DM
Z on 19~21 July 2013 in Seoul, Korea. National
Nature Trust will join this conference and prepare
some programs.
National Nature Trust wants that every person
who worries about the fate of future generations
might donate small money to buy step by step the
private lands in the DMZ and to make the eco-
peace thereon.
The political situation of the Korean peninsular is still unstable on account of the military tension. However, we should not give up the endeavor to preserve the potential green belt between the South and North Korea.
The DMZ green belt (not yet designated) is the threshold of eco-corridor of the Korean Peninsular and the DMZ wetlands are habitats of migratory birds in the course of the East Asian-Australian Flyway[EAAF].
What shall we do on the Korean DMZ? We might remind such remarks of Baruch de Spinoza that “even if the world comes to the end tomorrow, I would also plant an apple tree today.” Would you like to join us for making together hope in the Korean DMZ?
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