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EXAMPLES OF CONCEPTUAL MODELS PROPOSAL WRITING
ECO 601 – RESEARCH CONCEPTS
PROF. ROY & DESTEFANO 3 OCTOBER 2012
http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/ecology/succession72.jpg
B. Construction sed.
↑ 3. Channel
enlargement/
simplification
D. Stormwater
runoff from EIA*
J. Road crossings
↑ 2. Sediments
(suspended &
deposited)
↓ 9. Dissolved oxygen
↑ 11. light
↑ 4. Flow alteration
↑7. Ionic strength
↑ 12. movement barriers
↑ 8. Available nutrients
↑ 5. Temperature
↑ 6. Toxins
d. Fishes
iii. Stormwater
mgt.
H. Riparian degradation
I. Impoundments
b. Algal
communities
x. Road crossing
regs.
i. Erosion &
sed. regs.
viii. Riparian
buffer regs.
F. Pointsources
ii. Planning
regs.
vi. Point source
regs.
ix. Dam placement
& mgt. policies
e. Other
vertebrates
a. Organic
matter
Notes: Most major pathways are shown with arrows.
Stormwater runoff from EIA is indicated in bold to highlight its
central importance in most urban areas in developed nations.
Other pathways are indicated with a plus sign (e.g., “+ii”
means that planning regulations also can manage the
stressor source). Stressors 1-11 affect all levels of
ecosystem structure and function via various mechanisms.
Ecosystem response pathways are not shown for simplicity.
Abbreviations: sed. = sedimentation, regs. = regulations, mgt.
= management, EIA = effective (connected) impervious area.
*To a lesser degree, stormwater runoff is also from other,
altered land cover.
**Piped streams affect virtually all other stressors, although
relationships are not shown here.
A. Piping
1. Piped
stream**
xi. Reach-scale
restoration
G. Septic systems & sewer lines
↓ 10. Leaves and wood
+ H
+ A,2
+ H,I,J water quality
vii. Septic/sewer
mgt. policies
+ 5,6
+ 2,3,4
+ ii
+ ii,D
Management
Action
Watershed
Stressor Source
Stressor Ecosystem
Response
C. Channelization
j. Δ Respiration
f. Δ Nutrient
uptake
FunctionStructure
g. Δ Leaf
breakdown
h. Δ Primary
production
i. Δ Secondary
production
Conceptual Model of
Urban Effects on Streams1/22/08
c. Invertebrates
v. Water use regs.
E. Waterwithdrawals
In-Stream
Stressor Source
KEY
+ ii + ii,viii+ viii
+ H,I,J+H
+ ii
iv.Toxin/fertilizer
use controls
+ v
B. Construction sed.
↑ 3. Channel
enlargement/
simplification
D. Stormwater
runoff from EIA*
J. Road crossings
↑ 2. Sediments
(suspended &
deposited)
↓ 9. Dissolved oxygen
↑ 11. light
↑ 4. Flow alteration
↑7. Ionic strength
↑ 12. movement barriers
↑ 8. Available nutrients
↑ 5. Temperature
↑ 6. Toxins
d. Fishesd. Fishes
iii. Stormwater
mgt.
H. Riparian degradationH. Riparian degradation
I. Impoundments
b. Algal
communities
b. Algal
communities
x. Road crossing
regs.
i. Erosion &
sed. regs.
viii. Riparian
buffer regs.
F. Pointsources
ii. Planning
regs.
vi. Point source
regs.
ix. Dam placement
& mgt. policies
e. Other
vertebrates
e. Other
vertebrates
a. Organic
matter
a. Organic
matter
Notes: Most major pathways are shown with arrows.
Stormwater runoff from EIA is indicated in bold to highlight its
central importance in most urban areas in developed nations.
Other pathways are indicated with a plus sign (e.g., “+ii”
means that planning regulations also can manage the
stressor source). Stressors 1-11 affect all levels of
ecosystem structure and function via various mechanisms.
Ecosystem response pathways are not shown for simplicity.
Abbreviations: sed. = sedimentation, regs. = regulations, mgt.
= management, EIA = effective (connected) impervious area.
*To a lesser degree, stormwater runoff is also from other,
altered land cover.
**Piped streams affect virtually all other stressors, although
relationships are not shown here.
A. Piping
1. Piped
stream**
xi. Reach-scale
restoration
G. Septic systems & sewer lines
↓ 10. Leaves and wood
+ H
+ A,2
+ H,I,J water quality
vii. Septic/sewer
mgt. policies
+ 5,6
+ 2,3,4
+ ii
+ ii,D
Management
Action
Watershed
Stressor Source
Stressor Ecosystem
Response
Ecosystem
Response
C. Channelization
j. Δ Respirationj. Δ Respiration
f. Δ Nutrient
uptake
f. Δ Nutrient
uptake
FunctionStructure
g. Δ Leaf
breakdown
g. Δ Leaf
breakdown
h. Δ Primary
production
h. Δ Primary
production
i. Δ Secondary
production
i. Δ Secondary
production
Conceptual Model of
Urban Effects on Streams1/22/08
c. Invertebratesc. Invertebrates
v. Water use regs.
E. Waterwithdrawals
In-Stream
Stressor Source
KEY
+ ii + ii,viii+ viii
+ H,I,J+H
+ ii
iv.Toxin/fertilizer
use controls
+ v
Urban Impacts on Streams Wenger et al. 2009. JNABS 28:1080-1098
8
Figure 2. Research approach and outcomes.
The Urban Stream Paradigm: Landscape-Scale Predictors and Mechanisms of Stream Degradation
USGS Powell Center Proposal – PI: A. Roy et al. (2012)
Riffle 1
Riffle 2
Riffle 3
Surbersampler
Drift net
Surbersampler
Drift net
Figure 3. Example placement of drift nets and Surber samplers for collection of macroinvertebrates within a stream reach.
In pursuit of friendly waters: Behavioral drift of macroinvertebrates in urbanizing streams
Kutztown University Research Committee Proposal (2010) PI: Allison Roy
Roy et al. 2005. CJFAS 62:2312-2329
Reach-scale effects of riparian forest cover on urban stream ecosystems
Fish Passage Designs
Upstream passage Downstream passage
Pool & weir
Denil Ice Harbor
Nature-like
Weir
Vertical Slot
Fish lock
Bypass channels
Fish lift
Dam removal
Rock ramp
Baffle
Steepass
Archimedes Screw
Technical
Turbine modification
An Evaluation of Nature-Like Fishways for Passage of Alewife (Alosa aestivalis)
by Abigail Franklin
Wake, 2005
Climate warming effects on sugar maple (Acer saccharum) distribution and implications for vertebrates of New England
Ezra Small, M.S. Candidate, Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation
Ecological Services
Carbon Sequestration
Biodiversity Recreation Water Purification Timber
Canopy cover Water bodies Tree density Tree type Acreage Elevation (etc.)
Road density Median income Land parcel size Real-estate value Population density Public vs. Private ownership (etc.) Ec
olo
gica
l/p
hys
ical
Social
A Socio-Ecological Definition of Forest: A more relevant definition for the urban-rural interface
Amy Nathanson
Measured Grid System
Culvert Entrance/Bypass Area
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Road Passage Structures for Freshwater Turtles in Massachusetts
by David Paulson
Donor River: Nemasket
Fish Stay
Fish Spawn <24 Hours
Suitable Area Unsuitable Area
Fish Return
River Herring Restoration in the Ipswich River: Conceptual Model
Stressors
Restoration efforts
unsuccessful
Tagging experiment
unsuccessful
Restoration efforts successful
Adults home to the Ipswich
Survival
Juveniles imprint to the
Ipswich
Recipient River: Ipswich
Fish Leave
No Survival
Fish Don’t Spawn
Stressors
by Holly Frank
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