Events & Causes leading up to the Civil War SOL 7

Events & Causes leading up to the Civil War

SOL 7

What do you think caused/ led up to the war?

• ?• ?• ?• ?• ?• ?

Events leading up to the Civil War

• Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin– Made it easier/faster to clean cotton,So they planted more

Events…

• Liberator was published– Anti-slavery newspaper– William Lloyd Garrison

Events…

• Nullification Crisis (1828 – 1832)– John C. Calhoun

v. Andrew Jackson– SC was angry over high tariffs– SC threatened to secede– Henry Clay was able lower

tariffs & SC backed down

Events…

• Mexican-American War (1846 – 1848)– Acquisition of new territory• Debate over whether slavery should be allowed

• Compromise of 1850– Got rid of the Missouri Compromise Line of 1820.

Allowed CA to enter as a free state.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

Events…

• Fugitive Slave Laws– Part of the Compromise of 1850– Allowed slave owners to hunt/ track escaped

slaves up north– Endangered not only slaves, but free blacks in

north

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Creation of the Republican Party, 1854

Creation of the Republican Party, 1854-Northern Whigs.

-Northern Democrats.

-Free-Soilers.

-Know-Nothings.

-Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

-Northern Whigs.

-Northern Democrats.

-Free-Soilers.

-Know-Nothings.

-Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

-Owner/ master moved to free territory. After a few years (& after his master died) he sued for his freedom. -Decided that blacks had no rights/ weren’t citizens. So, he couldn’t sue. -Claimed slaves were property & if the judge made him free he’d be violating the 5th amendment (dealing with property). -A few months after the decision, he was granted his freedom. -6 months after that he died.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858

Who: A. Lincoln and S. Douglas What: 7 debates in which Lincoln speaks out against the Dred Scott case. Douglas defends Popular sovereignty in the Freeport doctrine Where: Through out IL Why: to gain a bid for the Senate seat and possibly the Presidency and give candidates statewide exposure Outcome: Douglas “wins” by a slight margin. However Lincoln will gain exposure as anAnti-slavery candidate and will join theRepublican Party.

Stephen

Douglas

Stephen

Douglas

Popular

Sovereignty?

PopularSovereignty

?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

Who: John Brown and 20 others

What: A plan to liberate slaves by supplyingThem with guns

Where: Harpers Ferry VA

Why: To seize the federal arsenal, give guns to near by slaves, and start a rebellion to end slavery

Reactions: South is alarmed by threats of revolt, viewed Brown as a fanatic, North sees him as a hero.

1860Presidential

Election

1860Presidential

Election

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860

-Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.

-Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

-No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

-Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

-Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

-Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

-Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.

-Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

-No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

-Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

-Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

-Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

How did each of these contribute to the onset of the Civil War?

• ?• ?• ?

Was the Civil War inevitable?

• Why or why not?

Would you add anything to the list?

• ?• ?• ?

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Causes of the Civil War

A. Sectional debate over tariffs- North favored high tariffs, South opposed them

B. Extension of slavery in the territories-Balance of free to slave states

C. Nature of the Union (States’ rights v. Federal Rights/ Power)

Causes of the Civil War…

D. Northern abolitionists v. southern defenders of slavery-Contradictions between slavery & democracy

E. Southern Fears:-Loss of political strength by the South in Congress-Southern fear that North was out to change/ destroy their way of life

F. US Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case

Causes of the Civil War…

G. Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

H. Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s

I. A history of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories

J. President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

The Civil War 1861-1865

- The Civil War put constitutional government to its most

important test as the debate over the power of the federal government versus states’ rights reached

a climax.

- The survival of the United States as one nation was at risk, and the nation’s ability to bring to reality the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice

depended on the outcome of the war.

The Civil War 1861-1865

- Considered a minority President (40% of the vote).

- Immediately following the election of Lincoln South Carolina is the first Southern state to secede (leave) the Union, followed by several other Southern states.

- The South believed that Lincoln would attempt to abolish slavery.

The Civil War 1861-1865

Out of 34 total states, 11 Southern states secede and 23 states remain loyal to the Union

The secession of Southern states triggered a long and costly war that concluded with Northern victory and resulted in the restoration of the Union and emancipation of the slaves

Why did the Southernstates secede?

Think-Pair-Shareand Answer the following questions.

Did any state have a right to leave the Union?

Was Lincoln right to use military force to keep the Union intact?

What were the major military and political events

of the Civil War?

- Election of Lincoln (1860), followed by the secession of several Southern states who feared that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery. (P)

- Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861, Opening confrontation of the Civil War, CSA fires the first shots on the Federal fort in the harbor of Charlestown SC. (M)

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”

23,000 casualties

23,000 casualties

September 17, 1862September 17, 1862

Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

Turning Point of the Civil WarEnded Lee’s invasion of the North

Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox

April 9, 1865

Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox

April 9, 1865

Who were the key leaders of the Civil War?

A. Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary

Who were the key leaders of the Civil War?

B. Jefferson Davis: U.S. Senator who

became president of the Confederate States of America

Who were the key leaders of the Civil War?

C. Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed

Who were the key leaders of the Civil War?

D. Robert E. Lee: Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia

• Most famous American General of all time.

• Brilliant military leader, Lincoln wanted to hire him!

• Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

• He urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after surrender at Appomattox

Who were the key leaders of the Civil War?

E. Frederick Douglass: Former enslaved

African American who became a prominent abolitionist and who urged Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans to fight in the Union army

TheEmancipati

onProclamatio

n

TheEmancipati

onProclamatio

n

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued after the battle of Antietam, Lincoln needed a Union victory before freeing the slaves.

• Freed those slaves located in “rebelling” states (seceded Southern states)

• Made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim• Discouraged any interference of foreign governments• Allowed for the enlistment of African American

soldiers in the Union Army

Lincoln’s Beliefs

• US was one nation indivisible • Secession was illegal so the Southern states

never really left the Union • Believed that reunification should not punish

the south but should act "with malice toward none, with charity for all, to bind the nation's wounds."