European Influence and Exploitation in Africa (in four parts)

European Influence and Exploitation in Africa

(in four parts)

Part 1

• European Influence

Borders

Languages

Religion

Motives

• Curiosity

Mansa Musa etc.

Explorers searching for the mouths of the rivers (Niger/Nile)

Motives

• Christianity

• Desire to convert• Attempt to “civilize”• Missionary fervor

Motives

• Conquest

• Fame and glory• Each country was interested in

getting as much land as possible

Motives

• Commerce• Rubber• Gold• Palm Oil• Ivory• Slaves• Pepper

Industrial Revolution

*New ideas*New technology

(weapons, machines, factories!)

*Spread of goods (increase in trade)

!

Palm Oil

• Areas Affected:West and Southwest Africa

• UsesMechanical lubricant

Rubber

• Areas Affected:Congo Basin

• UsesTires, seals, tubing, belts etc.

Gold

• Areas Affected:West Africa DRCSouth AfricaZimbabwe

• UsesGold!

Part II• Early

Exploration & Slavery

Portugal: leader of the pack

• Population• Islam• Advanced sailing• Borders • Resources• Proximity• Explorers

*1444 Portuguese trade sea routes est. beginning in Mauritania and ending in what is present-day Kenya

*Brought slaves from Mauritania

*Beginning of the slave trade

Who was involved?

• After the Portuguese established slave trade routes, other nations joined in.

• Dutch• Spanish• French• English

Slavery• 15 million people over the course of 400

years were forced into slavery• The Atlantic Slave Trade took place during

the 14th and the 19th centuries.

Chattel Slavery vs.BondedForced marriageForced labor

Slave RoutesThe Atlantic Slave Trade had a huge effect on Africa:

*shifts power to the coasts

*worsens violence through increased warfare and the introduction of new/more weapons,

* drains many groups of their most healthy, productive members

Slaves were used to help further establish New World colonies.

SugarTobaccoCoffeeCotton

*Eventually African Kingdoms began to rely on goods produced in Europe and their colonies.

Gun/slave cycle (increased warfare amongst kingdoms)

Triangle Trade

Barriers

• Existing communities• Diseases• Geography• Vastness and a lack of accurate maps

Existing Communities

Battle of Adowa 1896

Geography

• Rivers• Falls• Deserts• Dense Forests• Escarpments

TseTse Fly

Malaria

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y68F8YwLWdg

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5OBsoAXD9M

It is HUGE

Part III

• Missionaries and Explorers

Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breed—Go send your sons to exileTo serve your captives' needTo wait in heavy harnessOn fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half devil and half childTake up the White Man’s burdenIn patience to abideTo veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simpleAn hundred times made plainTo seek another’s profitAnd work another’s gain

Take up the White Man’s burden—And reap his old reward:The blame of those ye betterThe hate of those ye guard—The cry of hosts ye humour(Ah slowly) to the light:"Why brought ye us from bondage,“Our loved Egyptian night?”Take up the White Man’s burden-Have done with childish days-The lightly proffered laurel,The easy, ungrudged praise.Comes now, to search your manhoodThrough all the thankless years,Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom,The judgment of your peers!Source: Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden: The United States & The Philippine Islands, 1899.” Rudyard Kipling’s Verse: Definitive Edition (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1929).

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Part IV

• The Scramble for Africa

• http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/students/curriculum/m9/activity4.php 1914 map of Africa• http://www.mapwatch.com/news-blog/ Ethno-linguistic map of Africa• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1813_Thomson_Map_of_Africa_-_Geographicus_-_Africa-thomson-1813.jpg Thomson map of Africa• http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/teachers/curriculum/m7b/activity1.php slave trade• http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/exploration/resources/major-european-explorers Exploring Africa• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_livingstone_travels_africa.jpg Dr. Livingstone’s map• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Livingstone Dr. Livingstone• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page34.shtml Exploring Africa• http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2013/02/24/behind-africa-explorers-muslim-empires-make/cNgoft9VitWCC6y2crRfxH/story.html Exploring Africa• http://gdc.gale.com/nineteenth-century-collections-online/europe-and-africa-commerce-christianity-civilization-and-conquest/ Exploring Africa• http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2013/01/antiguas-disputed-slave-conspiracy-of-1736/description-of-a-slave-ship/ interior of slave ship• http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2013/01/antiguas-disputed-slave-conspiracy-of-1736/ slave trade• http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/2013/01/antiguas-disputed-slave-conspiracy-of-1736/slave-lashed/ slave photograph• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/8chapter4.shtml Missionaries in Africa• http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMack/lec122/britir.htm industrial revolution• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/0/20979973 industrial revolution• http://www1.umassd.edu/ir/ industrial revolution• http://www.herald.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/industrial-revolution.jpg industrial revolution image• http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/agex/hd_agex.htm the Portuguese in Africa • http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-colonization-of-africa.html The Scramble• http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-96185e82b9ab9a971dc8e4f55558da65?convert_to_webp=true map of Portuguese forts• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsetse_fly Tsetse flies• http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/students/curriculum/m7b/activity4.php African resistance to colonialism • http://abolition.nypl.org/essays/african_resistance/ African resistance to the slave trade• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_trade triangle trade• http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5478/ “White Man’s Burden”• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page39.shtml African resistance• http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/photos/colonization/CO1.jpg African resistance• http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/photos/colonization/C06.jpg Battle of Adowa • http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-colonization-of-africa.html Battle of Asowa• http://petergreenberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/african_jungle.jpg jungle image• http://web2.ges.gla.ac.uk/~rbrown/research/landscapes/graphics/oblique_aerial.jpg Drackenberg Escarpment