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EUROPE- Overview. Geographic Characteristics. Western edge of Eurasia Pervasive world influence Industrialized Numerous nation-states Urbanized population High standards of living in more developed countries East v. West differences. Importance of Location. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© 2010, TESCCC
EUROPE- Overview
© 2010, TESCCC
Geographic Characteristics
– Western edge of Eurasia– Pervasive world influence– Industrialized– Numerous nation-states – Urbanized population– High standards of living in more developed
countries– East v. West differences
© 2010, TESCCC
Importance of Location
Centrally located with capability of contact with rest of world.
Every part of Europe is close to the sea (within 300 miles).
Navigable waterwaysModerate distances
© 2010, TESCCC
PHYSICALLANDSCAPES
• Alpine Areas: The Alps, Pyrenees, Dolomites, Carpathians
• Peninsulas: Scandinavia, Italian, Iberian, Balkan• North European Plain
© 2010, TESCCC
Europe’s Islands• Iceland, an island south of the Arctic Circle in the North
Atlantic Ocean, features volcanoes, hot springs, and geysers.
• The British Isles–primarily Ireland and Great Britain–are cool, hilly, and rainy.
• In the Mediterranean, five large islands–Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Crete–all have rugged terrain and volcanic mountains.
• Greece’s nearly 2,000 islands in the Aegean Sea have rugged landscapes and a sunny climate that attracts tourists
© 2010, TESCCC
Europe’s Climate
Marine West Coast dominates Western Europe while Humid Continental dominates eastern Europe. There are pockets of arid areas (steppe) and highland climate. The dry summers of Mediterranean climate are found along the Mediterranean coastline.
Europe’s Climates
© 2010, TESCCC
Generalizations on Climate
• Countries closer to warm Atlantic ocean currents and winds have milder temperatures than those farther east and north.
• European climates vary according to distance from the sea (idea of continentality).
© 2010, TESCCC
Most of Europe is Temperate Mixed Forest, that is typically cleared for farming. Areas of Scandinavia are Coniferous forests while the Mediterranean coastline has scrubby vegetation known as chaparral.
Land Use is typically Mixed Farming or Dairy Farming. Mediterranean farming would include the wine industry and olive oil production. Much of the highlands in the British Isles is used for grazing.
Biomes and Land Use in Europe
© 2010, TESCCC
Historical Geography of Europe
Ancient Greece and Rome (B.C.E. and first four centuries A.D.)
Dark Ages (4-10th century) Middle Ages (10-14th century) Renaissance (15th and 16th century) Enlightenment (18th century) Age of Conquests (15th-20th century)
© 2010, TESCCC
AGRARIAN REVOLUTION
Began in Europe in the 1750s Based on new agricultural innovations Enabled increased food production Enabled sustained population increase
© 2010, TESCCC
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Developed in the UK between 1750-1850 Evolved from technical innovations that
occurred in British industry Proved to be a major catalyst towards
increased urbanization
© 2010, TESCCC
Falling share of the world’s population
Fertility at an all-time low
Fewer young people
Smaller working age population
Immigration partially offsetting losses
EUROPE’S CHANGING POPULATION
© 2010, TESCCC
URBAN TRADITION
Urbanization- 73% of Europe is urbanized. Related concepts
– Primate city- largest city that encompasses the cultural ideals
– CBD- downtown (business and commerce)– Metropolis- terms used to describe central
city and suburbs
© 2010, TESCCC
20th Century Major Political Events
World War I World War II and Holocaust Cold War (primarily USSR) Decrease in Imperialism
(primarily British Empire) Rise and Fall of Communism
© 2010, TESCCC
Supranationalism A venture involving three or more nations
Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives
New “Euro”Currency
© 2010, TESCCC
European Union (EU)
Original Members: (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
Established: 1992 Aimed to coordinate policy among the
members in three ways: -- economics -- defense-- justice and home affairs
© 2010, TESCCC
SupranationalismProblems
Loss of autonomy and controlDifferences in levels of economic
developmentCultural barriers
© 2010, TESCCC
Languages In Europe, there are about 50 different
languages and more than 100 dialects, most of which belong to the Indo-European language family
The Slavic languages of eastern Europe, the Germanic languages of northern Europe, and the Romance languages of southern Europe are Indo-European languages.
© 2010, TESCCC
Religions- Europe is predominantly Christian. - Most of southern/western Europe’s
Christians are Roman Catholics, whereas most northern European Christians are Protestants.
- In much of southeastern Europe, Eastern Orthodox Christians predominate.
- Many Muslims also live in southeastern Europe (Turkish influence), and Jewish communities exist in all major European cities.
© 2010, TESCCC
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE REALM
Western Europe Eastern Europe British Isles Northern Europe Mediterranean
Europe
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