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Articles of Confederation Need for a central government Need for a central government Adopted in November 1777 Adopted in November 1777
Citation preview
Essential QuestionEssential Question
What are the key ideas What are the key ideas in the U.S. in the U.S.
Constitution?Constitution?
The ConfederationThe Confederation
Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation
Need for a Need for a central central governmentgovernment
Adopted in Adopted in November 1777November 1777
Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Weak central Weak central
governmentgovernment
States did not want States did not want to give up the to give up the independence they independence they had gained from had gained from fighting the Britishfighting the British
Rights of CongressRights of CongressCould:Could:
Declare warDeclare war
Raise armiesRaise armies
Sign treatiesSign treaties
Could Not:Could Not:
Tax citizensTax citizens
Regulate tradeRegulate trade
Problems with TradeProblems with Trade
States began States began taxing goods from taxing goods from other states other states because Congress because Congress had no power to had no power to control tradecontrol trade
Problems with DiplomacyProblems with Diplomacy
Britain demanded Britain demanded war debts paid, war debts paid, refused to leaverefused to leave
Spain disputed Spain disputed border between GA border between GA and FL, closed New and FL, closed New OrleansOrleans
Economic CrisisEconomic Crisis
States issued States issued paper money – paper money – became worthless became worthless due to inflationdue to inflation
Federal Federal government had government had no moneyno money
Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion Massachusetts, Massachusetts,
17861786
Increasing taxes Increasing taxes hurt western hurt western farmersfarmers
Rebellion by the Rebellion by the farmersfarmers
Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion Marched on Marched on
Boston, tried to Boston, tried to seize weaponsseize weapons
State militia State militia defended the defended the arsenal, killing arsenal, killing five farmersfive farmers
AftermathAftermath
After Shays’s After Shays’s rebellion, rebellion, Americans began Americans began arguing for a arguing for a stronger central stronger central governmentgovernment
A New A New ConstitutionConstitution
NationalistsNationalists
George George Washington, Washington, Alexander Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton. Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
Supported the Supported the need for a need for a stronger central stronger central governmentgovernment
James MadisonJames Madison
Researched Researched government ideasgovernment ideas
Father of the Father of the ConstitutionConstitution
Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention
PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
May 1787May 1787
Rhode Island Rhode Island did not did not attendattend
Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention 55 Delegates55 Delegates
George George Washington = Washington = presiding officerpresiding officer
Virginia PlanVirginia Plan
Presented by Presented by Edmund Edmund Randolph, Randolph, governor of governor of VirginiaVirginia
Virginia PlanVirginia Plan Bicameral (two Bicameral (two
houses)houses)
Number of Number of representatives representatives based upon based upon populationpopulation
New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan Offered by William Offered by William
PatersonPaterson
Unicameral (one Unicameral (one house)house)
Each state has Each state has equal equal representationrepresentation
Comparison of Two PlansComparison of Two Plans
Connecticut (Great) Connecticut (Great) CompromiseCompromise
Roger ShermanRoger Sherman Two houses in Two houses in
CongressCongress House of House of
Representatives – Representatives – based on based on populationpopulation
Senate – equal Senate – equal representationrepresentation
Three-Fifths CompromiseThree-Fifths Compromise
Division between Division between North and SouthNorth and South
How to count the How to count the slave population?slave population?
RatificationRatification Approved by Approved by
Congress in Sept. Congress in Sept. 17871787
Needed nine out Needed nine out of thirteen states of thirteen states to approve for it to approve for it to take effectto take effect
RatificationRatification
Great DebateGreat Debate Each state elected Each state elected
a convention to a convention to vote on the vote on the ConstitutionConstitution
Two groups Two groups formed – those formed – those who supported it who supported it and those who and those who rejected itrejected it
FederalistsFederalists
Supporters of Supporters of the the ConstitutionConstitution
The central The central government government should have should have more power more power than the statesthan the states
Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists Opponents to Opponents to
the the ConstitutionConstitution
States should States should have more have more power than power than federal federal governmentgovernment
The FederalistThe Federalist Main document Main document
supporting the supporting the ConstitutionConstitution
85 essays written 85 essays written by James Madison, by James Madison, Alexander Alexander Hamilton, John JayHamilton, John Jay
RatificationRatification Dec. 1787 to Jan. Dec. 1787 to Jan.
1788 – first states 1788 – first states to ratify the to ratify the Constitution:Constitution:
- Delaware- Delaware- Pennsylvania- Pennsylvania- New Jersey- New Jersey- Georgia- Georgia- Connecticut- Connecticut
RatificationRatification MassachusettsMassachusetts
Voted yes after a Voted yes after a promise was promise was made to attach a made to attach a Bill of Rights to Bill of Rights to the Constitutionthe Constitution
RatificationRatification
By June 1788:By June 1788:
- Maryland- Maryland- South - South
CarolinaCarolina- New - New
HampshireHampshire
RatificationRatification
By July 1788 By July 1788 (after receiving a (after receiving a promise for a Bill promise for a Bill of Rights):of Rights):
- Virginia- Virginia- New York- New York
RatificationRatification With the nine With the nine
needed votes, needed votes, the new the new government government was set to was set to begin on begin on March 4, 1789 March 4, 1789
RatificationRatification After the After the
Constitution was Constitution was ratified and the ratified and the new government new government begunbegun
Rhode Island and Rhode Island and North Carolina North Carolina ratifiedratified
U.S. GovernmentU.S. Government Popular sovereignty – rule by the Popular sovereignty – rule by the
peoplepeople
Representative system of Representative system of government in which elected officials government in which elected officials represent the voice of the peoplerepresent the voice of the people
U.S. GovernmentU.S. Government Federalism – power divided between Federalism – power divided between
the national government and the the national government and the statesstates
Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances Purpose?Purpose?
To prevent any one of the To prevent any one of the three branches from three branches from becoming too powerfulbecoming too powerful
Textbook – page 181Textbook – page 181
Executive Legislative
Judicial
PresidentPresident
Veto powerVeto power
Appoint judgesAppoint judges
Commander in Commander in chiefchief
CongressCongress Override vetoOverride veto
Approve Approve presidential presidential appointmentsappointments
Impeach the Impeach the presidentpresident
Federal CourtsFederal Courts
Judges serve Judges serve for lifefor life
Hear trials Hear trials regarding lawsregarding laws
AmendmentsAmendments How to make a How to make a
change to the change to the Constitution?Constitution?
Two-step processTwo-step process
AmendmentsAmendments Proposed by a Proposed by a
two-thirds vote of two-thirds vote of both housesboth houses
Ratified by three-Ratified by three-fourths vote by fourths vote by statesstates
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