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Español 1- Capítulo 1
¿Cómo somos?
Haga Ahora: 29 de agosto
1. Match the opposites:o Morenao Altoo Simpáticoo Bonitoo Serio
o Antipáticoo Cómicoo Rubioo Feoo Bajo
2. Words that describe a boy usually end in the vowel ______ and the words that describe a girl usually end in _____.
3. Review vocabulary from last class.
(Hand Back Tests!)
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
Describe la foto
8
Sustantivos = NounsSustantivos = NounsNoun: person, place,
thing, idea
En español, nouns have gender
Sustantivos masculinos / Sustantivos femeninos
Noun: person, place, thing, idea
En español, nouns have gender
Sustantivos masculinos / Sustantivos femeninos
9
Sustantivos masculinos:Sustantivos masculinos:
• usually end in “- o”• used with definite article “el” (“the”)
• usually end in “- o”• used with definite article “el” (“the”)
El chico El bolígrafo El cuaderno
Sustantivos femeninos:Sustantivos femeninos:
• may end in “- a”, “- ción”, “- sión”, “- dad”
• used with definite article “la” (“the”)
• may end in “- a”, “- ción”, “- sión”, “- dad”
• used with definite article “la” (“the”)
La chica La acción La televisión La posibilidad
10
Exceptions to the rule…:Exceptions to the rule…:
The gender of some words must be learned because they don’t follow the patterns for masculino or femenino:The gender of some words must be learned because they don’t follow the patterns for masculino or femenino:
Masculinos:
El díaEl mapaEl relojEl lápiz
El pupitreEl sacapuntas
Femeninos:
La tardeLa nocheLa claseLa pared
#1#1
Summary
El Los
La Las
Un Unos
Una Unas
Definite Articles Indefinite Articles
*** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?
Definite and indefinite articles
Es un libro.
The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item.
It’s a book.
The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item.
Es el libro.
It’s the book.
Definite and indefinite articles
Es una silla.
The indefinite article (un, una) refers to a non-specific item.
It’s a chair.
The definite article (el, la) refers to a specific item.
Es la silla.
It’s the chair..
Definite and indefinite articles
Hay unos libros en la clase.There are a few books in the classroom.
Hay unas sillas también.
There are some chairs, too.
Definite and indefinite articles
Son los libros para la clase de español.
They’re the books for the Spanish class.
Son las sillas para los alumnos.
They’re the chairs for the students.
Masculine:
ununos
a, ansome, a few
un libro = a bookunos libros = some books
ellos
thethe
el libro = the booklos libros = the books
Feminine:
unaunas
a, ansome, a few
una silla = a chairunas sillas = some chairs
lalas
thethe
la silla = the chairlas sillas = the chairs
Summary
El Los
La Las
Un Unos
Una Unas
Definite Articles Indefinite Articles
*** Did you notice where the singular and plural boxes are?
Completa with el, la, los, or las:
• 1. ________ amigo• 2. ________ muchacha• 3. ________ escuela• 4. ________ alumnos• 5. ________ amigas• 6. ________ muchachas• 7. ________ cursos• 8. ________ alumno
Completa with el, la, los, or las:
• 1. el amigo• 2. la muchacha• 3. la escuela• 4. los alumnos• 5. las amigas• 6. las muchachas• 7. los cursos• 8. el alumno
Completa with un, una, unos,
unas:
• 1. ________ amigo• 2. ________ muchacha• 3. ________ escuela• 4. ________ alumnos• 5. ________ amigas• 6. ________ muchachas• 7. ________ cursos• 8. ________ alumno
Completa with un, una, unos,
unas:
• 1. un amigo• 2. una muchacha• 3. una escuela• 4. unos alumnos• 5. unas amigas• 6. unas muchachas• 7. unos cursos• 8. un alumno
Un poco más…• Articles and Nouns explanation
• Central America Rock
What is a pronoun?• It’s a word used instead of a noun
Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns.
• When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun.
Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.
Subject Subject Pronoun
What are the English subject pronouns?
Singular Plural
1st person I We
2nd person You You all
3rd person He, She, It They
English subject pronouns and their Spanish
equivalents• Spanish subject pronouns are similar to
English, but there are some differences.
Singular Plural
1st person I = Yo We = nosotros (m)
Nosotras (f)
2nd person You (familiar) = tú
You (plural, familiar) = vosotrosvosotras
3rd person
He = él She = ella
You (formal) = Usted (Ud.)
They (m) = EllosThey (f) = Ellas
You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.)
The first person singular pronoun “YO”
• “Yo” means “I” and is used in the same way as in English. o Yo soy americano. o Yo soy estudiante.
• Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: o Mi amigo y yo…
Second person singular pronoun
TúTú means you
(familiar/ informal)Used when talking to
someone familiarWe’ll learn more
about this in a moment.
3rd person singular masculine
él• Él = he• It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man.• used in the same way as its English counterpart:
o Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.
• DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for “the”
o él = he el = the
3rd person singular FeminineElla
• Ella = she• It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.• used in the same way as its English
counterpart:o Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco.
• Please pronounce it correctly. o It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah)o Remember ll= y sound.
formal youUsted (Ud.)
Usted means you (formal)Used when talking to someone you should respect.Abbriviated --(Ud.)Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.
Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you.
in English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine:
Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.”
Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.”
use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group:
Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.”
Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La Paz.
The first person plural pronoun “Nosotros / nosotras”
3rd person Plural masculineEllos
Ellos = They (masculine)It is used when talking
ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.
used in the same way as its English counterpart:
Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara.
Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son amigos también.
Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs) Remember ll= y sound.
3rd person plural FeminineEllas
• Ellas = They (feminine)• It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only
females.• used in the same way as its English counterpart:
• Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también.
• Please pronounce it correctly. o It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs)o Remember ll= y sound.
formal you PluralUstedes (Uds.)
• Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower case “s” period. (Uds.)
• Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun. • We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a
moment.
YOU, You, and You• In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is
singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informalo Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to
help learn the Spanish forms of “you”.
• In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you”o túo usted (Ud.)o vosotroso vosotraso ustedes (Uds.)
Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking.
Differences – YOU: Tú vs. Usted
Tú = you (informal/familiar)
Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis.
friendsfamilysmall childrenpeople younger than
youpets
Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)
Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect.
People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.)
StrangersAcquaintancesAdults
• The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America.
• In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Uds. is used to address a formal group.
• In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They don’t use vosotros/as)
• Since we use Latin American Spanish in class, we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of y’all.
Differences – Y’all
ReviewYo = IFirst person singularNot capitalized unless the first word of the sentenceUsed to talk ABOUT yourself
Nosotros/as = weFirst person pluraldistinguish between “we” masculine and feminineUsed to talk ABOUT yourself and friends
Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar)Second person SingularUse it to talk TO a person that is a friend or family member
Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar)Second person PluralUse it to talk TO a group of friends or family members.Third person singular
Él = heDon’t forget the accentUse it to talk ABOUT a guy.Ella = sheUse it to talk ABOUT a girl.Watch the pronunciation.Ud. = You (singular, formal)Use it to talk TO a person that is due respect.
Third person pluralEllos = They (masculine)It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females.Uds. = You (plural)Use it to talk TO a group of people
Subjects = SujetosI We
You (informal)
You all (informal)
HeShe
ItYou
(formal)
TheyYou all
(formal)
Yo Nosotros
Tú Vosotros
ÉlElla
Usted
EllosEllas
Ustedes
Homework: Tarea
• QUIZ NEXT CLASS!!o Flashcards due! (first three sections of vocab) o SPELLING!
o STUDY- vocab, subject pronouns chart, articles• yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos, ellas• El, la, los, las----un, una, unos, unas
• In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you”o Vosotroso Vosotraso Ustedes (Uds.)
• Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes is the plural form of usted.
• Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group.
• Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is female
• These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain.
• We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to be aware of it.
Differences – Y’all
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