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Erosion and Deposition
Chapter 8
Changing Earth’s Surface
Erosion Sediment Deposition Mass Movement Gravity
Creep Mudslides Landslides Slump
Changing Earth’s Surface
Weathering, erosion and deposition act to wear down and build up Earth’s surface
Gravity pulls sediment downhill in the process of mass movement. There are 4 main types of mass movement: landslides, creep, slump and mudslides
Water Erosion
Runoff Rill Gully Stream River Tributary
Divide Flood plain Meander Oxbow lake Alluvial fan Delta
Water Erosion
Stalactite Stalagmite Karst Topography Drainage Basin Groundwater
Water Erosion
Moving water is the major force of erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface
A river may form V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, oxbow lakes and flood plains
When a river slows down it deposits some of the sediment load it carries, forming features such as alluvial fans and deltas
The Force of Moving Water
Energy Potential energy Kinetic energy Abrasion
Load Friction turbulence
The Force of Moving Water
When gravity pulls water down a slope, water’s potential energy changes to kinetic energy
Most sediment washes or falls into streams, or is eroded from the streambed by abrasion
The greater a rivers slope or volume of flow, the more sediment it can erode
Glaciers
Glacier Valley Glacier Continental
Glacier Ice Age Fiord Cirque
Till Moraine Kettle Lake Glacial Lake Plucking Arete Horn
Glaciers
The 2 kinds of glaciers are valley glaciers and continental glaciers
Glaciers erode the land through plucking and abrasion. Melting glaciers deposit sediment
Most famous Glacial landform is the Matterhorn on the border between Italy and Switzerland in the Pennine Alps. Has an elevation of 4,478 meters.
Matterhorn
Glaciers
Chugach National Forest
Child’s Glacier
Waves & Wind Erosion Key Terms Beach Longshore Drift Spit
Sand Dune Deflation Loess Glacial Flood
Plain
Waves
The energy of ocean waves comes from wind blowing across the water’s surface and transferring energy to the water
Ocean waves hitting land cause erosion through impact and abrasion. Waves also move and deposit sediment along the shore.
Much of the sand on N.C.’s Cape Hatteras originally came from the Hudson River, Long Island and Southern New England
Wind Erosion
Wind causes erosion mainly through deflation, the blowing of surface materials
Landforms created by wind deposition include sand dunes and loess deposits
There are two main sources of wind-deposited clay and silt: deserts and glacial meltwater floodplains
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