Epithelial,Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissues Chapter 5 in your textbook

Epithelial,Connective,Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Muscle and Nervous

TissuesTissuesChapter 5 in your textbook

General Epithelial Tissues

1. They are found throughout the body: covering organs, forming inner linings of body cavities .

2. They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane.

3. They lack blood vessels.

IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?

General Epithelial Tissues

1. They divide rapidly.

2. They are tightly packed together.

3. They are classified according to their layers of cells.

General Epithelial TissuesHow do you think the characteristics we

just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do?

They divide rapidly- how does that help the body?

Injuries can heal rapidly

to these tissues, skin and

stomach cells are continually

damaged and replaced

quickly.

General Epithelial Tissues

• They are tightly packed- how does this help the cell?

• They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.

Simple:Simple: composed of a single layer of cells.

Stratified:Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells.

Squamous:Squamous: Flattened cells.

Cuboidal:Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells.

Columnar:Columnar: Elongated cells.

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layersClassified by layers

1. Simple Squamous EpitheliumWhat is Simple

Squamous Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layersClassified by layers

Simple Squamous EpitheliumSimple Squamous EpitheliumWhat is Simple Squamous Epithelium?Thin (One layer), flattened cellsFit tightly together with flat nucleiSubstances pass through easily by diffusion

Where would you find it?Lines the lungs where O2 and CO2 are

exchanged. Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and

lymph vessels.

What is its function? Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.

Simple Squamous EpitheliumSimple Squamous Epithelium

2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Simple Cubodial EpitheliumSimple Cubodial EpitheliumWhat is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Single layer of cells Cubed shaped cells with a central

nucleus. Where would you find it?

Covers the ovaries. Lines the kidneys and ducts of certain

glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and liver.

What is its function? Functions in secretion and absorption.

Simple Cuboidal EpithelialSimple Cuboidal Epithelial

Simple Columnar EpitheliumSimple Columnar Epithelium

What is Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Simple Columnar EpitheliumSimple Columnar EpitheliumWhat is Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Elongated cells (longer than they are wide) Single layer of cells. Nucleus near the basement membraneCan have cilia that help in movement

Where would you find it?Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus). Lines the organs of the digestive tract

What is its function? Thick tissues to protect.Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs

nutrients from digested food.

Simple Columnar EpitheliumSimple Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumPseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumWhat is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?Elongated cells (longer than they are wide) Appears to have more than one layer but does

not. Nucleus is located at different ends which gives

it the layer look. Have cilia

Where would you find it?Lines the passage of the respiratory system.

What is its function? Sticky to trap dust and microorganisms that

enter with air. The cilia move the captured particles up and out of the airways.

Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.

Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumPseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium

What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Stratified Squamous EpitheliumStratified Squamous EpitheliumWhat is Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

Lots of layers of the cell. Flattened because cells divide and push the

older ones outward where they are flattened. Where would you find it?

Forms the outer layer of the skin (your epidermis)

Soft tissue part forms in the vaginaWhat is its function?

They produce keratin a protein that produces a dry, tough, protective material that prevents water and other substances from entering or leaving.

Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.

Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium

Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium

What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium

What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium?2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells.

Where would you find it?Lines the lumen

Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.

What is its function? Gives more protection than a single layer

does.

Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium

Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium?Several layers of columnar cells.

Superficial layer of columnar cells next to layers of cuboidal cells.

Where would you find it?Male reproductive organs

What is its function? Allows the organ to contract and stretch.

Stratified Columnar Stratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

Transitional EpitheliumTransitional Epithelium

What is Transitional Epithelium?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Transitional EpitheliumTransitional EpitheliumWhat is Transitional Epithelium?Specialized type of epithelium cells

Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals)

Where would you find it?The liner of the bladder, uterus and urethra.

What is its function? They can change because of increased

tension.

So they help organs expand- bladder when it is full then returns to normal.

Stops urine from going back into the system.

Transitional Epithelium Transitional Epithelium UnstretchedUnstretched

Transitional EpitheliumTransitional Epithelium

GlandsGlandsSpecialized cells that that secrete

substances into ducts or body fluid.

Found in Columnar cells or cuboidal.

Two types: exocrine glands and endocrine glands.

Exocrine-Exocrine- secretes product into an internal or external duct or tube that travels to other organs or glands.

Endocrine-Endocrine- Glands that secrete product into tissues or blood direction.

GlandsGlands

STOP: Tissue PracticeSTOP: Tissue Practice

1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY!!

2. Tissue activity walk around. First without notes- see what you remember- second time with notes!

3. Tomorrow- Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.

Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

Broken down into two categories: Broken down into two categories:

1.1.Connective Tissue ProperConnective Tissue Proper2.2.Specialized Connective Tissue Specialized Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue ProperConnective Tissue Proper

1. Loose Connective Tissue2. Adipose Tissue (fat tissue)3. Dense Connective Tissue

General Characteristics of General Characteristics of Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

Binds structuresProvides support and protectionFill spacesStores fatProduce blood cellsProtect against infectionsHelp repair tissue damage

General Functions of General Functions of Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

They divide easily.

Have a large blood supply and are well nourished. (this is where epithelial cells receive blood and nutrients).

Connected to epithelial cells below the basement membrane.

Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection.

Loose Connective Tissue- Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueAreolar tissue

• What is Areolar What is Areolar Tissue?Tissue?

• Where would you Where would you find it?find it?

• What is its What is its function?function?

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueLoose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

What is Loose Connective tissue?Tissue that forms delicate thin

membranes throughout the body.

Where would you find it?Underneath epithelial cells to nourish

them.

Fills the spaces between

skin and organs or muscles.

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissueLoose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue

What is it’s function?Binds organs

together

Holds tissue fluids

Protects, insulates and stores fat

Adipose TissueAdipose TissueWhat is adipose

tissue?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Adipose TissueAdipose TissueWhat is Adipose tissue?

Fat

When cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm and enlarge.

Where would you find it?Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs,

on surface of the heart.

Around the eyeballs and certain joints as well as spaces between muscle.

Adipose TissueAdipose TissueWhat is its function?

Cushions joints and some organs

Insulates beneath the skin

Stores energy

When adipose cells become too numerous the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue

• What is Dense What is Dense Connective tissue?Connective tissue?

• Where would you Where would you find it?find it?

• What is its function?What is its function?

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective TissueWhat is Dense Connective tissue?

Closely packed thick collagenous fibers and elastic fibers.

Very strong to withstand pulling forces.

Where would you find it?Ligaments and tendons

The white part of your eye.

Deep skin layers

Dense Connective TissueDense Connective TissueWhat is it’s function?

Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone)

Protects the eye

Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is poor.

How many of you have ever torn a ligament or tendon? These dense tissues are why it takes so long to recover!

STOP Review Loose Connective Tissue activity- Foldable.

Specialized Connective Tissues:

1. Blood1. Blood What is blood?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

BloodBloodWhat is Blood Tissue?

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are in a fluid of plasma.

Where would you find it?Formed in the red

marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones

BloodBloodWhat is the function?

Transports materials between body cells

Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.

BoneBoneWhat is bone?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

What is Bone Tissue?Rigid and hard tissue

formed by minerals such as Calcium

Where would you find it?The skeletal system

throughout your body!

BoneBone

BoneBoneWhat is the function?Internally supports the

body structure

Attachment for muscles

Protects cranial organs and thoracic organs

Contains and produces red blood cells as well as calcium and phosphorus

Heals more rapidly than cartilage

Cartilage General CharacteristicsCartilage General Characteristics

Three types: Hayline CartilageElastic CartilageFibrocartilage

Rigid Connective TissueProvides supportProtectsLack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood

by diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage is slow.

Elastic CartilageElastic CartilageWhat is Elastic

Cartilage?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Elastic CartilageElastic Cartilage

Functions and location:Very elastic and flexibleExternal ears and parts of the larynx

FibrocartilageFibrocartilageWhat is

Fibrocartilage?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

FibrocartilageFibrocartilageA very tough

tissueA shock absorber

for structures that are subjected to pressure.

For example cushions bones in the knees and between vertebrates in the spinal column.

Hyaline CartilageHyaline CartilageWhat is Hyaline

Cartilage?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Hyaline CartilageHyaline Cartilage

Most common

Important in the growth of bones

Found in the ends of bone, joints, the soft part of the nose, and respiratory passage

STOP: Connective Tissues Activities

Flip chart of all tissues!

Worksheet

Finish microscope lab of connective tissues

Muscle TissuesMuscle TissuesCharacteristics:

They are contractile- the elongated cells can shorten and lengthen.

As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move.

Three types of muscle tissues:

1. Skeletal Muscle tissue

2. Smooth Muscle tissue

3. Cardiac Muscle tissue

Cardiac MuscleCardiac MuscleWhat is Cardiac

Muscle?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Cardiac MuscleCardiac MuscleWhat is it?

Cells are striated and joined end to end.One nuclei

Where do you find it?Only in the heart

What is it’s function? Involuntary (works without you knowing or

thinking)Pumps blood through the heart chambers and

into blood vessels.

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

What is Skeletal Muscle?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleWhat is it?

Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)

Lots of nuclei in each cellWhere is it?

Found in

muscles that

attach bone.

What is its function?Nerves stimulate the muscle fiber to

contract and relax

This helps us move our head, trunk, and limbs.

Enable us to make facial expressions, write, talk, sing, chew, breath and so forth!

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle

What is Smooth Muscle?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Smooth MuscleSmooth MuscleWhat is it?

No striations

Short and spindle shaped, with single central nucleus

Involuntary actions

Where is it? The walls of

organs (stomach,

intestine, bladder,

blood vessels)

Nervous tissueNervous tissueWhat is Nervous

tissue?

Where would you find it?

What is its function?

Nervous TissueNervous TissueWhat is it?

Made up of cells of neurons- which sense changes in their surroundings

Where is it? The brain, spinal cord and peripheral

nerves.

Nervous TissueNervous TissueWhat is the function?

Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands.

They communicate with other cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.