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EIAEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is
a process of : identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating
the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.
EIA
Transparency
Certainty
Participation
Practicability
Flexibility
Cost-effectiveness
Cred
ibility
Accountability
Rationale of the EIA• Protect environment and control pollution• Environment Protection Act, 1986 and Environment
Protection Rules, 1986• Section 5 Environment Protection Rules 1986:
Prohibitions and restrictions on the location of industries; carrying on of processes and operations in different areas
• EIA 1994• Environment Protection Act 1986
• EIA 2006 is supersession of EIA 1994, except in respect of things done or omitted to be done before such supersession
Requirements of prior Environmental Clearance (EC)
•Which projects require EC? • Projects listed in the schedule to notification
(as Category A and B projects)•All new projects or activities listed in the
Schedule to this notification• Expansion and modernization of existing
projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification•Any change in product - mix in an existing
manufacturing unit included in Schedule
Requirements of prior Environmental Clearance (EC)
• EC by whom?• Category A projects: MoEF• Based on decisions on the recommendation by Expert
Appraisal Committee (EAC)• Category B projects: At state level the State Environment
Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)
• The SEIAA shall base its decision on the recommendations of a State or Union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) as to be constituted for in this notification
• In the absence of a duly constituted SEIAA or SEAC, a Category ‘B’ project shall be treated as a Category ‘A’ project
To ensure that significant issues are identified; project related information is gathered, alternatives are considered.
To avoid biases/inaccuracies in analysis; identify local values/preferences; assist in consideration of mitigation measures; select best alternative.
To consider and comment on EIA Report
To monitor the implementation of EIA Report’s recommendations and decision’s conditions.
To consult people likely to be affected by proposal
Salient EIA Steps
Screening
Scoping
Impact analysis
Mitigation and impact
management
EIA report
Review
Decision making
Implementation and monitoring
contd…• Stage 1 - Screening• Based on info (form 1, 1A) supplied by Proponent• Pre-feasibility report and conceptual plan - no
guidelines or requirements, thereby no need to address environmental issues
• Stage 2 - Scoping• No public participation in scoping process - local
knowledge about what environmental concerns should be investigated is not given consideration• Strict timeline – not a continuous process• Biased in securing favorable Terms of Reference
(TOR) for investors• Access to TOR limited
Contd…•Stage 3 – Public consultation•Local affected persons having plausible
stake in impact of project•Public Consultation shall ordinarily have
two components comprising of•The Public Consultation shall ordinarily have
two components comprising of:-• public hearing at the site or in its close
proximity • obtain responses in writing from other
concerned persons having a plausible stake in the environmental aspects
Contd…•No quorum required for holding public
consultation• Tight timeline: 45 days from the time
requested by the project proponent
• Access to information
• EIA report made available, EIA with all
TOR from the scoping process, Public
Hearing, additional information
• Confidential information need not be
disclosed in summary EIA• Publicity• Use of internet as the main means
• PP notifies through advertisement in news paper etc..
EIA process and tentative Timelines
Submission of application (Form 1, prelim reports)
Stage 1: Screening; Decide project A, B1 or B2
Stage 2: Scoping; Come up with Terms of Reference (TOR)
Prepare preliminary EIA report
Stage 3: Public consultation (2 components)
Stage 4: Appraisal
Final Decision
60 days
45 days
60 days
15 days
30 days
Investor
Expert Committee
Project proponent
SPCB
Expert Committee
Regulatory Authority
Who is responsible!
Update EIA report (Investor)
Other related EIA Regulations(OMs)
• 19th July, 2013 Preparation and Presentation Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)oAccreditation of consultants: The Quality
Council of India (QCI) or National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) or any other agency as may be notified
• 19th March, 2013: Updating information in the website of the MoEF
Contd..
• 30th May, 2012: Consideration of expansion proposals for grant of Environmental Clearance under the EIA Notification, 2006: • Submission of certified report of the status of
compliance of the conditions stipulated in the EC from the by the RO, MoEF
• 30th October, 2012: De-listing of pending projects: • Additional information not received even after 6
months of the EAC meeting will be de-listed from pending projects.
• 18th May, 2012: Consideration of projects for grant of environment clearance under EIA Notification, 2006, which involve forestland: • Stage-I FC not submitted by the PP within the
prescribed time limit will be referred to EAC for consideration
• 12th December, 2012: regarding violations:• Board’s Resolution, Credible Action, a time limit
of 60 days, limit to EC granted or cancelled.
• 4th December, 2012: Sector specific Manuals• 30th March, 2012: Consideration of projects
for environmental clearance based on Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) - Extension of Moratorium till further orders• 20thMarch, 2012: Submission of project
documents and information in electronic format along with hard copy
Contd..
• Coal Beneficiation draft notification: • 34 % ash content on daily average basis. • Use of Beneficiated coal with an Ash
content not more than 34 % and• gross calorific value (GCV) should not
be < 4000 Kcal/kg on daily average basis Any stand alone TPP should be located beyond 500 km from the pit-head.
EIA Benefits/FlipsidesBenefits Flip sides
Provides systematic methods of Impact assessment
Time -consuming
Estimates the cost/benefits trade-off of alternative actions
Costly
Facilitates the Public participation Provides an effective mechanism for Coordination Environmental integration Negotiations Feed back
Title public participation in actual implementation Unavailability for reliable data (mostly in developing countries
Top-level decision making focused on scientific analysis
Triggers an institutional building Presentation of EIA report(bulky volumes, scientific explanation, sometimes difficult to understand)
Achieve a balance between the impact of Developmental and environmental concern
Compliance monitoring after EIA is seldom carried out
Compliance to EC Conditions Judicial process and NGO activism
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