Entrepreneurship training in education and its impact to the SMEs competitiveness SZABO ZSUZSANNA...

Entrepreneurship training in Entrepreneurship training in education and its impact to the SMEs education and its impact to the SMEs

competitivenesscompetitiveness

SZABO ZSUZSANNASZABO ZSUZSANNA

PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY OF TPETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY OF TÎRGU MUREŞÎRGU MUREŞFaculty of Economics, Law and Administrative Faculty of Economics, Law and Administrative

SciencesSciencesROMANIAROMANIA

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE11- 3- 3 OctoOctober, 2008 ber, 2008 Herlany, SLOVAKIAHerlany, SLOVAKIA

Entrepreneurship training in education Entrepreneurship training in education and its impact to the SMEs and its impact to the SMEs

competitivenesscompetitiveness

WHYWHY?- WHAT? – HOW??- WHAT? – HOW?

NecessityNecessity - - ImportanceImportance - - NeedsNeeds – – ModalitiesModalities

InstrumentsInstruments for the improvement of entrepreneurial educationfor the improvement of entrepreneurial education

Facts Facts -- Documents Documents - - DataData

NEW REQUEST OF THE EUNEW REQUEST OF THE EU

WHWHY ?Y ?

To To revitalize the economyrevitalize the economy, Europe needs , Europe needs

more people willing to become more people willing to become entrepreneursentrepreneurs..

By 2010, half of the jobs available in Europe By 2010, half of the jobs available in Europe

will be required people with high skills. Onlywill be required people with high skills. Only

15% will be available to those with such 15% will be available to those with such

primary educationprimary education..

NEEDSNEEDS

People with an enthusiastic vision - the driving force of an enterprise People with an enthusiastic vision - the driving force of an enterprise (is usually supported by an interlocked collection of specific ideas not (is usually supported by an interlocked collection of specific ideas not

available to the marketplace)available to the marketplace) People who can promote the vision with enthusiastic passion People who can promote the vision with enthusiastic passion People who can develop strategies to change the vision into reality with People who can develop strategies to change the vision into reality with

persistence and determinationpersistence and determination People who can take the initial responsibility to cause a vision to become a People who can take the initial responsibility to cause a vision to become a

successsuccess People who take prudent risksPeople who take prudent risks (They assess costs, market/customer needs and (They assess costs, market/customer needs and

persuade others to join and help)persuade others to join and help) a positive thinker and a decision makera positive thinker and a decision maker

““no entrepreneurs, no development“no entrepreneurs, no development“

Entrepreneurship Education Entrepreneurship Education

DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS

Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Fostering Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets Through Education and Learning. Entrepreneurial Mindsets Through Education and Learning. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM (2006) 33 final, Committee of the Regions, COM (2006) 33 final, Brussels - February, 13 Brussels - February, 13 20062006..

Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets through Education and Learning. Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets through Education and Learning. Final Proceedings, European Commission – Ministry of Education and Final Proceedings, European Commission – Ministry of Education and Research of Research of Finland, Oslo 26-27 October 2006. Finland, Oslo 26-27 October 2006.

Entrepreneurship in higher education, especiallEntrepreneurship in higher education, especially in non-business studies, y in non-business studies, Final Report of the Expert Group, Final Report of the Expert Group, March 2008, European CommissionMarch 2008, European Commission, , Enterprise and Industry Directorate GeneralEnterprise and Industry Directorate General

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

At At 25 October 200725 October 2007 the EESC adopted that the EESC adopted that ““entrepreneurship in its broadest sense, which entrepreneurship in its broadest sense, which can stimulate and encourage innovative and can stimulate and encourage innovative and creative mindsets, should be highlighted in the creative mindsets, should be highlighted in the Lisbon Agenda Lisbon Agenda as one of the key tools to as one of the key tools to generate more growth and better jobsgenerate more growth and better jobs”; “”; “public public and private actors should be mobilized to and private actors should be mobilized to develop the entrepreneurial mindset in its develop the entrepreneurial mindset in its broadest sensebroadest sense”.”.

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

Entrepreneurship in higher education, especially within non-businessEntrepreneurship in higher education, especially within non-business StudiesStudies, , Final Report of the Expert Group, March 2Final Report of the Expert Group, March 2008, European 008, European CommissionCommission

““If it is to make a success of the Lisbon strategy If it is to make a success of the Lisbon strategy for growth and employment, for growth and employment, Europe needs to Europe needs to stimulate the entrepreneurial mindsets of stimulate the entrepreneurial mindsets of young peopleyoung people, encourage innovative business , encourage innovative business start-ups, and foster a culture that is friendlier start-ups, and foster a culture that is friendlier to entrepreneurship and to growth of SMEs. to entrepreneurship and to growth of SMEs.

The important role of education in The important role of education in promoting more entrepreneurial attitudes promoting more entrepreneurial attitudes and behavioursand behaviours is now widely recognized. ” is now widely recognized. ”

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

WHAT ?WHAT ?

Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship

- refers to an individual’s ability - refers to an individual’s ability

- to turn ideas into action - to turn ideas into action

and is therefore and is therefore a key competence for alla key competence for all, ,

helping young peoplehelping young people

- to be more creative and self confident in - to be more creative and self confident in whatever they undertake.whatever they undertake.

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

EducationEducation and training and training across all ages and abilities across all ages and abilities must stimulatemust stimulate

- the creativity- the creativity- promotes innovation- promotes innovation- self-confidence- self-confidence- potential - potential

of all individuals.of all individuals.

The worldThe worldour children are our children are

goinggoingto live into live in

is changingis changingfourfour times times

fasterfasterthan our schools.than our schools.

Dr. Willard Dagget, DirectorInternational Centre for Leadership and Education

NEEDS

The clarification of the conceptThe clarification of the concept

Entrepreneurial Behaviours

- - Opportunity seeking and grasping- Opportunity seeking and grasping- - taking initiatives to make things happen- taking initiatives to make things happen- - solving problem creatively- solving problem creatively- - managing autonomously- managing autonomously- - taking responsibility for, and ownership of, things- taking responsibility for, and ownership of, things- - Seeing things through- Seeing things through- - Networking effectively to manage interdependence- Networking effectively to manage interdependence- - putting things together creatively - putting things together creatively - - using judgment to take calculated risks- using judgment to take calculated risks

Entrepreneurial Attributes

- - Achievement orientation and ambition- Achievement orientation and ambition- - self confidence and self belief- self confidence and self belief- - Perseverance- Perseverance- - high internal locus of control (autonomy)- high internal locus of control (autonomy)- - action orientation- action orientation- - preference for learning by doing- preference for learning by doing- - hardworking- hardworking- - Determination- Determination- - creativity- creativity

Entrepreneurial skills

- - Creative problem solving- Creative problem solving- - persuading- persuading- - negotiating- negotiating- - selling- selling- - proposing- proposing- - holistically managing business/projects/situations- holistically managing business/projects/situations- - strategic thinking- strategic thinking- - intuitive decision making under uncertainity- intuitive decision making under uncertainity- - networking- networking

- National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, Towards the Entrepreneurial National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, Towards the Entrepreneurial University, May 22, 2005, Prof. Allan Gibb, University of DurhamUniversity, May 22, 2005, Prof. Allan Gibb, University of Durham

INSTRUMENTS Pedagogy

to Stimulate the Entrepreneurial ” Life World”

Sustainable pedagogical change needed

Separating skills from education

Personal development: Stage, Tasks and Learning Needs National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, Towards the Entrepreneurial National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship, Towards the Entrepreneurial

University, May 22, 2005, Prof. Allan Gibb, University of DurhamUniversity, May 22, 2005, Prof. Allan Gibb, University of Durham

- - Improve partnership between universities and SME sector

- - Improve partnership between regional government, high schools and SMEs

- -enable students to achieve practical experience in small enterprises during their study

- - involve successful entrepreneurs in education process for example on basis of guest speakers

- -create conditions for establishing practical teaching centers at small enterprises (SME companies)

- -bring education closer to the real life

Final Proceedings, European Commission – Ministry of Education and Research of Finland, Oslo 26-27 October 2006.

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

Entrepreneurship training in education can be summarised as:Entrepreneurship training in education can be summarised as:

Primary SchoolsPrimary Schools – help students to have more faith in themselves, through – help students to have more faith in themselves, through making and accepting responsibility, exploring their creativity through trial making and accepting responsibility, exploring their creativity through trial and error and learning about the resources of their local community.and error and learning about the resources of their local community.

Lower Secondary SchoolLower Secondary School – students develop core skills such as decision – students develop core skills such as decision making, ability to work in a team, problem solving and establishing making, ability to work in a team, problem solving and establishing networks.networks.

Upper Secondary SchoolUpper Secondary School – learning through doing and applying practice – learning through doing and applying practice and theory whilst incorporating resources, finances, environment, ethics and and theory whilst incorporating resources, finances, environment, ethics and working-life relationships can be developed by establishing youth working-life relationships can be developed by establishing youth enterprises.enterprises.

Higher educationHigher education – developing products, identifying business – developing products, identifying business opportunities, customer and market relationships, creativity and innovation opportunities, customer and market relationships, creativity and innovation are all part of business planning and establishing and running a company are all part of business planning and establishing and running a company

OPINION of the EESC SOC/242 Brussels, 6 July 2006OPINION of the EESC SOC/242 Brussels, 6 July 2006

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

HOW ?

University network

must work together to promote to the state the following requirements in order to support a dynamic cultural change across society

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

HOW ?

Early start, with the basis for entrepreneurial training and education.

Create supplementary entrepreneurial programmes within the national curriculum from primary school to higher education.

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education Make positive and effective cooperation between

schools/universities, businesses and governmental bodies.

  Improve the involvement of teachers - benefits the youth personal development.

The drawing up of educational programmes for entrepreneurship should involve both employers and employees.

  Strong involvement and presence of civil society

in the learning process.

RECOMMANDATION

Greater knowledge transfer between educational establishments, including higher and further education, to share information andstreamline programmes aimed at university students.    the conference achieved its goals here - but there is more to be done in streamlining the teaching between universities in the East EU and West EU, as well as other international University programmes)

Conclusions and Recommendations, Entrepreneurship Education RoundConclusions and Recommendations, Entrepreneurship Education Round Table, Table, 6 6 June, 2008, June, 2008, TTîrgu Mureş, Romania,îrgu Mureş, Romania,

Madi SharmaMadi Sharma, UK Representative of the European Economics & Social Committee , UK Representative of the European Economics & Social Committee (Brussels)(Brussels)

Entrepreneurship EducationEntrepreneurship Education

RECOMMANDATION

Must be taken into account the importance of female entrepreneurs in schools with the aim of fostering a positive balance between women and men.

 Economic imperative“Expanding the involvement of women in entrepreneurship is

critical for long-term economic growth”

(GEM 2002)

Entrepreneurship must be fostered equally amongst disabled persons and other disadvantaged

groups.

Dinah Bennett, Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning, University of Durham, United Kingdom

Entrepreneurship education contributes to the development of innovative

thinking and entrepreneurial behaviour of the youth and contributes to improved

student academic performance.

Dr. Antal Szabó, Scientific Director of ERENET Network

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The case ofThe case of Romania Romania

11stst Report on Entrepreneurial Activities in Romania, CEBR Report on Entrepreneurial Activities in Romania, CEBR Working Paper Series, 01-2007, May, 2007Working Paper Series, 01-2007, May, 2007

Promovarea spiritului antreprenorial Promovarea spiritului antreprenorial în sistemul de învăţământ,în sistemul de învăţământ,www.clubafaceri.ro/info_articole/282_dezvoltarea_unei_culturi_www.clubafaceri.ro/info_articole/282_dezvoltarea_unei_culturi_antreprenorialeantreprenoriale

DeDezvoltarea culturiizvoltarea culturii antreprenorialeantreprenoriale,,

www.mimmc.rowww.mimmc.ro/raport_anual/dezvoltare_cultura_antreprenoriala/raport_anual/dezvoltare_cultura_antreprenoriala

Ministerul Educatiei, Cercetarii si Tineretului Ministerul Educatiei, Cercetarii si Tineretului http://www.edu.ro/index.php/articleshttp://www.edu.ro/index.php/articles

System of Education in RomaniaSystem of Education in Romania

Children start their education at the age of 7 - The Children start their education at the age of 7 - The primary schoolprimary school - 4 years. - 4 years.

At the age of 11 pupils start junior high school (At the age of 11 pupils start junior high school (gymnasiumgymnasium), which lasts ), which lasts 4 4 yearsyears, whose results are taken into account while choosing the next stage of , whose results are taken into account while choosing the next stage of education. education.

pupils can choose pupils can choose - general secondary school (- general secondary school (lyceumlyceum)) including including 4 4 yearsyears of general education or specialized secondary school including 4 years of general education or specialized secondary school including 4 years of general education with some specialized subjects of general education with some specialized subjects

Higher education – Romania adopted the Bologna process (Higher education – Romania adopted the Bologna process (3 years BSc + 2 years MSc + 3 years doctorate))

Entrepreneurship Education in RomaniaEntrepreneurship Education in Romania

IIn 2002, the Ministry of Education and n 2002, the Ministry of Education and Research from Romania, introduced at the Research from Romania, introduced at the secondary school level the subject secondary school level the subject Entrepreneurial educationEntrepreneurial education. .

We can bring a series of criticisms related We can bring a series of criticisms related to the context, content and especially the to the context, content and especially the individuals who are mandated to coordinate individuals who are mandated to coordinate didactically and pedagogically this subject, but didactically and pedagogically this subject, but as a whole we have to note the as a whole we have to note the positive aspects positive aspects of this action that has to be improved and of this action that has to be improved and upgraded. upgraded.

Entrepreneurship Education in RomaniaEntrepreneurship Education in Romania

TThe Romanian higher education, is paying he Romanian higher education, is paying only only a reduced attentiona reduced attention to the to the entrepreneurial education and there is entrepreneurial education and there is no no scientific approach of the formative scientific approach of the formative actionsactions at the university level so that the at the university level so that the profession and the specific process of the profession and the specific process of the Romanian entrepreneurship in the society Romanian entrepreneurship in the society based on knowledge can be carried out based on knowledge can be carried out appropriately, efficiently and effectively.appropriately, efficiently and effectively.

2%

21%

40%

36%

not important les s important important very important

DATADATA

Universities involvement in entrepreneurship education

D o you know the number of s tudents who intent to s tart their own bus ines s ?

85%

15%

yes no

NEEDSNEEDS

Review the best practice in entrepreneurship Review the best practice in entrepreneurship education in selected old, new and candidate education in selected old, new and candidate EU countries, as well as in North America EU countries, as well as in North America (Canada and USA) in all hierarchical level (Canada and USA) in all hierarchical level including undergraduate and postgraduate including undergraduate and postgraduate studies, like bachelor, master and doctored studies, like bachelor, master and doctored degreedegree

MODALITIESMODALITIES

RESEARCHES REGARDING THE HARMONIZATION RESEARCHES REGARDING THE HARMONIZATION OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION OFOF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION OF

ROMANIAN UNIVERSITIES ROMANIAN UNIVERSITIES TO TO

THE EUROPEAN UNIONTHE EUROPEAN UNION AND AND

EASTERN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIESEASTERN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

CNCSIS Project no.CNCSIS Project no. 42GR 42GR/14.05.2007 CNCSIS code 476/14.05.2007 CNCSIS code 476

FACTSFACTS

Terms of Reference for ConsultancyTerms of Reference for Consultancy

PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY / ERENETPETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY / ERENETTitle of ProjectTitle of Project

BENCHMARKING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP BENCHMARKING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION EDUCATION

IN SELECTED EU AND NORTH-AMERICAN COUNTRIESIN SELECTED EU AND NORTH-AMERICAN COUNTRIES

The Consultant is hired to assist in implementing the The Consultant is hired to assist in implementing the activities of the Project on Benchmarking of activities of the Project on Benchmarking of Entrepreneurship Education in selected EU and North-Entrepreneurship Education in selected EU and North-American countries,American countries,

FACTSFACTS

EU EU membersmembers

Poland Poland – – Jerzy CieslikJerzy Cieslik – Leon Kozminski – Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management,Management, WarsawWarsaw

– – Krzysztof WachKrzysztof Wach - University of - University of Economics,Economics, KrakowKrakow

Slovakia Slovakia – – Vincent SoltesVincent Soltes, , Michal SoltesMichal Soltes, , Technical University,Technical University, KosiceKosice

Germany Germany – – Hans-JHans-Jüürgen Weissbachrgen Weissbach, Fachhochschule,, Fachhochschule, Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am Main

SloveniaSlovenia – – Miroslav Glas , University of Ljubljana,Miroslav Glas , University of Ljubljana, LjubljanaLjubljana

Hungary Hungary – – Pethoe AttilaPethoe Attila, , Corvinus University,Corvinus University, BudapestBudapest - - Szirmai PSzirmai Péteréter, , Corvinus University,Corvinus University, BudapestBudapest - - KrisztiKrisztiáán Csapn Csapóó, Corvinus University,, Corvinus University, BudapestBudapest -- Szerb LSzerb Lászlóászló, , University of PécsUniversity of Pécs, , PécsPécs - - Pelczné Gál IldikóPelczné Gál Ildikó, , University of MiskolcUniversity of Miskolc, ,

MiskolcMiskolc

France France – – Jean-Claude MillionJean-Claude Million, I.U.T. Pasteur,, I.U.T. Pasteur, StrasbourgStrasbourg

non EU member countriesnon EU member countriesCroatiaCroatia – – Sanja PfeiferSanja Pfeifer,, University of Josip Strossmayer, University of Josip Strossmayer,

OsijekOsijek

USAUSA - - Emeric SolymossyEmeric Solymossy, Western Illinois University,, Western Illinois University,

Macomb Macomb – – Marius PoliacMarius Poliac, University of Nevada, , University of Nevada, RenoReno

Professional affiliationsProfessional affiliationsCanadaCanada

-- Laurence HewickLaurence Hewick, Hewick , Hewick RResearch,esearch, BurlingtonBurlington

BelgiumBelgium- - Madi SharmaMadi Sharma, European , European

Economic Economic & Social Committee, & Social Committee, BrusselsBrussels

H ow important do you c ons ider the entrepreneurial educ ation?

Important 14%

Very important 86%

DATADATA

T he entrepreneurial educ ation is org aniz ed by:

28%

19%15%

15%

23%

Univers itiesC hambers of C ommerc e/Indus tryB us ines s F oundationsA genc iesOther forms

Univers ities involvement in entrepreneurial educ ation

29%

57%

14%

L es s important Important V ery important

T he development level of entrepreneurial educ ation at the univers ity level

14%

58%

14%

14%

Weak Medium G ood V ery good

D ou you have a monitoring s ys tem of your entrepreneur s tudents /g raduates ?

43%

57%

Y es No

If there are s tudents who intent to s tart their own bus ines s ?

86%

14%

Y es No

E ntrepreneurial educ ation is appropiate only for the s tudents from partic ular s pec ializ ed prog ram?

Y es14%

No86%

Are there org aniz ed modules of entrepreneurial training for other c ateg ories ins tead of s tudents ?

Y es86%

No 14%

Are the s pec ialis ts from bus ines s involved in the entrepreneurial educ ation?

Y es86%

No14%

D o you have s pin-offs in your c ountry?

86%

14%

Y es No

Do you have bus ines s inc ubator in your univers ity?

Y es 43%

No57%

NEEDSNEEDS

2.2. Access in quantitative and qualitative Access in quantitative and qualitative terms the presence of entrepreneurship terms the presence of entrepreneurship courses and programmes in European courses and programmes in European higher education institution.higher education institution.

ToTo create complementary disciplines for create complementary disciplines for students and graduates (less economists).students and graduates (less economists).

MODALITIESMODALITIES

ERASMUS-MODUCERASMUS-MODUC EEE-European Entrepreneurship EducationEEE-European Entrepreneurship Education

PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY OF TOF TÎÎRGU-MURERGU-MUREŞŞ

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS, LAW AND FACULTY OF ECONOMICS, LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCESADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES ROMANIAROMANIA

FACTS

1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY - responsible country - ROMANIA 2. ENTREPRENEURSHIP - responsible country -HUNGARY 3. ENTREPRENEURIAL CREATIVITY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION - responsible country – GERMANY

4. BUSINESS PLANNING - responsible country – SLOVAKIA

5. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION - responsible country – FRANCE

6. BUSINESS ENGLISH - responsible country - FRANCE

NEEDSNEEDS

Organize Workshop to be discussed the finding and programmesOrganize Workshop to be discussed the finding and programmes

FACTSFACTSInternational ConferenceInternational Conference - ICELM 3- - ICELM 3-

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION 4-7 June, 24-7 June, 2008, Tg.Mures, Romania008, Tg.Mures, Romania

Round TableRound Table: : “ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONS”“ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONS”, , Friday, June 6, 2Friday, June 6, 2008, Tg.Mures, Romania008, Tg.Mures, Romania

Experts participated from: Hungary, Croatia, Poland, Slovenia, Experts participated from: Hungary, Croatia, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Germany, Belgium, Liban, Russia, RomaniaSlovakia, France, Germany, Belgium, Liban, Russia, Romania

EEE – workshop (Romania, Hungary, France, Slovakia)EEE – workshop (Romania, Hungary, France, Slovakia)ERENET – Meetings (Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia)ERENET – Meetings (Hungary, Slovakia, Croatia)

NEEDSNEEDS

Provide guidance for Provide guidance for elaboration ofelaboration of

entrepreneurship curriculaentrepreneurship curricula for the Petrufor the Petru

Maior University as a pilot one withMaior University as a pilot one with

possible dissemination of the result forpossible dissemination of the result for

other Romanian universities as well. other Romanian universities as well.

WORKSHOPWORKSHOPON ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATIONON ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION

- a follow-up event will be held on - a follow-up event will be held on best practice in entrepreneurial best practice in entrepreneurial educationeducation either at the UNESCO Chair of the J.J. Strossmayer either at the UNESCO Chair of the J.J. Strossmayer University or at the Petru Maior University in collaboration with the University or at the Petru Maior University in collaboration with the ERENETERENET

to discussed the following issues:to discussed the following issues:

(i) Exchange of experience entrepreneurship education in Bachelor level(i) Exchange of experience entrepreneurship education in Bachelor level(ii) (ii) Exchange of experience entrepreneurship education in Master Exchange of experience entrepreneurship education in Master levellevel(iii) (iii) Presentation of cases studies based on an accepted Presentation of cases studies based on an accepted methodologymethodology(iv) (iv) elaboration of entrepreneurship curriculaelaboration of entrepreneurship curricula

(v) (v) Round table discussions with PhD studentsRound table discussions with PhD students

Possible time: Possible time: Second half of May or October 2009Second half of May or October 2009

NEEDSNEEDS

Promoting of the entrepreneurial culturePromoting of the entrepreneurial culture

MODALITIESMODALITIES

Supporting training programmes for the development of Supporting training programmes for the development of

entrepreneurial skillsentrepreneurial skills

FACTSFACTS

A Practical Workshop on Entrepreneurship and New VentureA Practical Workshop on Entrepreneurship and New Venture

21-25 May, 2007, T21-25 May, 2007, Tîrgu Mureşîrgu MureşDr. Marius Poliac, UniversDr. Marius Poliac, University of Nevada, Reno, USAity of Nevada, Reno, USA

“ “ Enjoy at extreme your free days!”Enjoy at extreme your free days!” “ Distractie la maxim in zilele tale libere!” “ Distractie la maxim in zilele tale libere!”

FUNN TRACK

SportsSportsEnergyEnergy CompetitionCompetition

Entrepreneurship education - Economic Growth -SMEs competitiveness

Promoting entrepreneurship has a vital role to play in improving competitiveness of small businesses and improving Europe’s employment situation.

SMEs are considered to be one of the principal driving forces in economic development.

SMEs stimulate - private ownership and entrepreneurial skills,- they are flexible - can adapt quickly to changing market demand and

supply situations,- they generate employment, - help diversify economic activity - make a significant contribution to exports and trade,- play an important role in innovation and the high-tech

business- due to their flexibility and creativity many of them became large

businesses-- Dr. Antal Szabó, Scientific Director of ERENET Network

60% of Europeans never considered setting up own business- 40% prefer being an entrepreneurin USA 61% of the citizens prefers self-employment status

DOCUMENTS

Communication from the Commission: Actions for Growth and Communication from the Commission: Actions for Growth and

Employment: the Community Lisbon Programme.COM (2005) 300Employment: the Community Lisbon Programme.COM (2005) 300

- - underlines the need to improve the business environment, underlines the need to improve the business environment, especially for SMEs and take account the entrepreneur’s especially for SMEs and take account the entrepreneur’s concern on making business.concern on making business.

SMEs practice create more jobs than larger enterprises, SMEs practice create more jobs than larger enterprises,

while they are more flexible and innovativewhile they are more flexible and innovative

According to the Lisbon Agenda it’s the According to the Lisbon Agenda it’s the aim of the EUaim of the EU “ to become the most competitive “ to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge based economy in the and dynamic knowledge based economy in the world”, most importantly, “ capable of sustainableworld”, most importantly, “ capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion”.greater social cohesion”.

The objectives - to achieve 3% GDP growth and The objectives - to achieve 3% GDP growth and 20 million job across the EU by 2010-20 million job across the EU by 2010-

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AMERICAENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AMERICA

"Today roughly 45 million Americans, about 30 percent of the labor force, run their own business. Sometime during their careers, well over half of university graduates will start a business. Most Americans today work in firms that have entrepreneurial teams in charge. And most U.S. job growth and new technology comes from entrepreneurial companies... America is unique in the world, a nation rebuilding itself on the principle of entrepreneurial capitalism.“

Source: Newsweek 13 Nov 2006

The article went on to say that entrepreneurship is "America's unmatched advantage" and an "indispensable component" of growth and prosperity.

DATADATA

JapJapan an 98% 98% of the enterprises are SMEs of the enterprises are SMEs (aproximativ(aproximativelyely 6,5 mil.), 6,5 mil.),

USAUSA 96% 96% of the enterprises are SMEs of the enterprises are SMEs (aprox. 16 (aprox. 16 milmil..), ),

-the same situation in the developed western EU -the same situation in the developed western EU countriescountries

DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS

It’s known that small and medium-sized enterpriseIt’s known that small and medium-sized enterprise

(SME) development is a key to economic growth, (SME) development is a key to economic growth, innovations and market competition in most advanced innovations and market competition in most advanced western economies western economies (Acs and Andretsch, 1990(Acs and Andretsch, 1990). ).

The SMEs are a crucial source of innovative potential The SMEs are a crucial source of innovative potential and job creation possibilities and job creation possibilities (Johnson and Loveman, (Johnson and Loveman, 1995).1995). A strong SME sector could provide further A strong SME sector could provide further employment opportunities and contribute to economic employment opportunities and contribute to economic growth as well as the development of a competitive growth as well as the development of a competitive market system.market system.

PRIORITIES

- - improving skills for employmentimproving skills for employment

- better business support- better business support

- success in science and innovation- success in science and innovation

to increase productivity

Promoting - innovation

- knowledge transfer

– particularly from universities to businesses –

THE CASE OF ROMANIA - the level of development is still significantly the level of development is still significantly

lower than the EU average, most of lower than the EU average, most of Romania’s social indicators lag behind EU Romania’s social indicators lag behind EU ones, the economy is affected by low ones, the economy is affected by low competitiveness [C. Zaman, 2007]. competitiveness [C. Zaman, 2007].

- tthe density of SMEs (26 SMEs per 1000 he density of SMEs (26 SMEs per 1000 inhabitants - 2006) is still low than the EU inhabitants - 2006) is still low than the EU average which is more than 50 SMEs per 1000 average which is more than 50 SMEs per 1000 inhabitants inhabitants www.cnipmmr.rowww.cnipmmr.ro

In Romania more than 99% from all In Romania more than 99% from all

enterprises is represented by small and mediumenterprises is represented by small and medium

size enterprise (NIS). size enterprise (NIS).

The data shows that the SMEs have an The data shows that the SMEs have an

important role in economy.important role in economy.

ThankThank

youyou

forfor

youryour

attention !attention !