View
38
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Enterprise Modelling support to Knowledge Management. Professor Guy Doumeingts Professor Emeritus University Bordeaux 1 General Manager INTEROP- VLab. Plan . INTEROP- Vlab Enterprise Modelling A case Study : how to improve the performance of a manufacturing system ? Conclusions. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
1Date Title 1 Bucharest 130320 CHT workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Enterprise Modelling support to Knowledge Management
Professor Guy DoumeingtsProfessor Emeritus University Bordeaux 1
General Manager INTEROP-VLab
2Title 2 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Plan
• INTEROP-Vlab• Enterprise Modelling• A case Study : how to improve the performance of a
manufacturing system ?• Conclusions
3Title 3 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
INTEROP-VLab
4Title 4 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Enterprise Interoperability definition
“The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged” (IEEE, 1990)
“Capability of a system or a product to interact with other systems or products without specific effort from the user” (INTEROP-NoE definition May 2004)
“ the ability of an enterprise system or application to interact with others at a low cost in a flexible approach (INTEROP-VLab definition, April 2007)”
5Title 5 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
I-VLab: the result of several years of EI development
• Created in March 2007, www.interop-vlab.eu
• From the Network of Excellence INTEROP-NoE (Interoperability Research for Networked Enterprise Applications and Software, FP6 508011, 42 months, 50 partners, 12 M€ Budget, 6,5 M€ EC funds)
• INTEROP-VLab is a non-profit international association under the Belgian Law (aisbl)
• Grouping 9 regional poles, bringing together leading academics, research centers, industrial stakeholders, SMEs, from 11 European countries and from China, 56 partners and more than 300 researchers
6Title 6 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Missions
To maintain and develop the defragmentation of the ERA (European Research Area) in cooperation with other regions of the world, in order:
• To support the development of the research, education, innovation, standard in Enterprise Interoperability and associated domains as Enterprise Systems and Applications (ESA) and Application of Future Internet (AFI)
• To be an Excellence Centre in the domain of Enterprise Interoperability and the associated domains at the world wide level
7Title 7 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
INTEROP-VLab China Pole, Harbin (Cn), a SIG*, represented by HIT, 15 partners
DFI e. V. Pole, Berlin (G), a German association, (Deutsches Forum für Interoperabilität), 8 partners
INTEROP North Pole (Sweden, Norway, Finland), Helsinki (FI), a SIG*, repr. by University of Helsinki, 8 partners
INTEROP-VLab.IT Pole, Roma (IT), an Italian non-profit making scientific association, 7 partners
INTERVAL Pole, Valencia (S), a Spanish non-profit association, 8 partners
Portuguese Pole, Lisbon (PT), a SIG*, repr. by UNINOVA, 4 partners
GSO Pole (Grand Sud-Ouest), Bordeaux (F), a SIG*, repr. by Univ. Bordeaux 1, 17 partners
INTEROP-VLab UK Pole, Coventry (UK), a Limited without shares organization, repr. by TANet, 3 partners
Pole Grande Region (Lorraine, Belgium, Luxembourg), Nancy (FR), a SIG*, repr. by University Nancy Poincare, 4 partners
The INTEROP-VLab Member Poles
8Title 8 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
GRAI Methodology
9Title 9 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
What is Enterprise Modelling?
• The representation of activities of the enterprise according to different points of view :o Fonctions, Decisions, Processes, Information ..., o Technical, Economical, Social, Human, ...,
• Under two interconnected views :o Global view : Concepts of system : objectives, structure,
functionalities, evolution (dynamic), linked with the environment,o Local view : detailed description according to the concepts of
activities and processes.
10Title 10 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Developpement of Enterprise Modelling• Creation in States in 1980: ICAM Definition_ ICAM (Integrated Computer
Aided Manufacturing) project (US AIR FORCE_DARPA)_ SADT_• Three initial Methodologies:
o IDEF0_IDEF 1_IDEF2 (ICAM Definition) now (Integrated Definition) o GRAI (1980) Graph with Results and Activities Interrelated)o PERA (1980) Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture)
• GERAM (1993) Generic Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodologies: Result of a task Force: IFIP_IFAC
• CIMOSA (1995) (Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open System Architecture) Result of European Project
• BPM: Business Process Modeling (1995): ARIS• Our Conclusion: to model an Enterprise:
o Concepts of System,o Formalisms: Function, Process, Information, Decision (Governance),
Resources,
11Title 11 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
The GRAI model
Control System / Controled System
EXTERNALINFORMATIONS
CONTROL SYSTEM
Objectives
FeedbackControlactions
CONTROLED SYSTEM
ProductsServices
CustomersSuppliersCustomers
PurchasingInformation{ {
12Title 12 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
The GRAI model
Control System
CUSTOMERSSUPPLIERS
DECISIONS = INFORMATIONS +
OBJECTIVESDECISION VARIABLES (DV)CRITERIA (FOR DV)CONSTRAINTS (ON DV){
DECISIONSYSTEM
INFORMATIONSYSTEM
PHYSICAL SYSTEM Controlled System
PURCHASINGINFORMATION
PRODUCTSSERVICES CUSTOMERS
ExternalInformation
13Title 13 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
GRAI® Structured approach
Process
to understand and evaluate
Physical
Decision
Information
Implementing improvements (ST, MT, LT)
Manage evolution
(indicators)
Design of New system
Information
Decision
Physical
Conceptual models of existing system
ST : Short TermMT : Medium TermLT : Long Term
Existing system
Future system
Conceptual models of future system
CONCEPTUAL LEVEL
REALISATIONAL LEVEL
Functions
Process
Functions
Objectives
Modeling
14Title 14 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
The actors
Project board
Interviewees(Supply of
Informations)
GRAI specialists and Analysts(Supports a study)
propose
Analysis &Validation
Supply of Informations
Validationworking groups
(Working for solutions)
Synthesis Group Main deciders(Realises a study)
proposeAnalysis &Validation
Define the objectives and the domain of the studyEvaluate and valid the results
Specialist
15Title 15 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Example of Study Planning The actors
3/4 months maximum 3/4 months maximum
Double arrow = Framework
Synthesis Group
Interviews
Working Groups
Board Group
Modelling / Diagnosis Design
16Title 16 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
A real case Study : how to improve the performance of a manufacturing system?
17Title 17 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Industrial context (1)
• Performance improvement of a Manufacturing S.M.E. belonging to a Groupo Lead time are not respectedo Financial situation very serious
• The context :o complete re-engineering of the groupo Difficult social situation o three studies of re-organisation in last three years : no
improvement
Objectives of the study
18Title 18 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Industrial context (2)
• The products : moulds for casting, containers for electronic, punch/tool, dies and complex assembly
• The resources of production : 20 CNC machines, 60 conventional machines, CAD/CAM system, machine for the 3-dimensional control
• Production order: o lead time of order : 1 to 6 weeks (average 4 to 6 weeks)o number of orders : 40 to 60 / montho very small batch
• Existing functions : design, process, production, quality, commercial
The production
19Title 19 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (2)PLANNING
PB
SG
IModelling phase diagnosis
phaseDesign phase
PB1 8/ 6
SG1 (15 / 6)SG2 28/6 SG3 18/7 SG4
24/8 a.m.
PB2 24/8 p.m.
SG5
Double arrow = communication
PB : Project BoardSG : Synthesis GroupI : Interviews
1 Meeting of Project Board3 Meeting of Synthesis group15 Interviews
20Title 20 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (1)
• Elaboration of a planning• Elaboration of Models :
oFunctionaloPhysicaloDecisionaloPocesses
• By a succession of:oMeetings of synthesis groupo Interviews to collect Knowledge
• Elaboration of Information Model
Presentation
21Title 21 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (3)
Functional view, Physical System• using the formalism ACTIGRAMME,• the Models A-0, A0 are performed by the synthesis group,• the further decompositions : A1, A2, ... A11, A23, .. A321, A422
are performed by INTERVIEWS.Important : to choose the interviewees with the synthesis group (safe of time).
Criteria to stop :• To define accurately the objectives of the modelling :
example : Functional view : to understand the global behaviour of the SME.• To stop the decomposition when we think to have sufficient
information to reach the objectives.
Elaboration of the Models
22Title 22 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (4)
• Decisional system:
GRAI Grid : performed with the Synthesis group
GRAI Nets : performed by interviews
Remark : the acquisition of informations by the GRAI Nets allows to improve the Grid.
• Information System :
In the study, by lack of time, the Information was modelled after
Elaboration of the Models
23Title 23 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS)(5)
24Title 24 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (6)
25Title 25 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (7)
26Title 26 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (8)DECISIONAL SYSTEM : GRAI GRID V4
In fo . In t.
II
F o n c tio n s
N iv e a u x
M is e à jo u r P S C
A ju s te r c h a rg e
V é rifie r a p p ro s
L a n c e r e n p re p a ra tio n
L a n c e r e n é tu d e
P ris e d e c d e s ,
R e la n c e s
P ro p o s itio n D e v is C lie n ts
P S C (P V 6 8 ,
T a b le 5 8 )
A ju s te r c a p a c ite s (G R 4 0 )
A n a ly s e re ta rd s / P la n n in g s e m a in e
E v a l. re s u lta ts
c o m .
R e to u r S /TM o d if. C lie n tR e c e p tio n
a p p ro v.
C a rn e t d e c d e s
P ro s p e c tio n s
R e p o rtin g C o m m e rc ia l (à P A R IS )
B u d g e t
S u iv i P ro d u c tio n
(P S C - A C C E P T )
R e s u lta ts / o b je c tifs q u a lite
C o m p a re r re s u lta ts /
b u d g e t
B u d g e tC A
C a rn e t d e c d e s
E ffe c tifs
F a ire p ré v is io n s
c o m m e rc ia le s
B u d g e t (re p a rti
p a r s e c tio n )
H = 1 S e m a in e (s )
5 0 P = 1 J o u r(s )
H = 1 S e m a in e (s )
4 0 P = 1 S e m a in e (s )
H = 1 A n n é e (s )
3 0 P = 2 S e m a in e (s )
H = 1 M o is
2 0 P = 1 M o is
H = 1 A n n é e (s )
1 0 P = 1 A n n é e (s )
G e re r Q u a l.
G Q
G e re r R e s s .
G R
P la n ifie r
P L
G e re r P ro d .
G P
G e re r P re p a .
G P R
G e re r B E
G B E
G e re r C o m .
G C
In fo . e x t.
IE
F M1 8 /0 7 /9 44M O D E L IS A T IO NG rille d 'A n a ly s ed e m o f
A n a ly s teD a te d e C ré a tio nV e rs io nP h a s eN o m G rilleE tu d eIM A G IM
B u d g e t (re p a rti
p a r s e c tio n )
M is e à jo u r P S C
A ju s te r c h a rg e
V é rifie r a p p ro s
L a n c e r e n p re p a ra tio n
L a n c e r e n é tu d e
P ris e d e c d e s ,
R e la n c e s
P ro p o s itio n D e v is C lie n ts
P S C (P V 6 8 ,
T a b le 5 8 )
A ju s te r c a p a c ite s (G R 4 0 )
A n a ly s e re ta rd s / P la n n in g s e m a in e
E v a l. re s u lta ts
c o m .
R e to u r S /TM o d if. C lie n tR e c e p tio n
a p p ro v.
C a rn e t d e c d e s
P ro s p e c tio n s
R e p o rtin g C o m m e rc ia l (à P A R IS )
B u d g e t
S u iv i P ro d u c tio n
(P S C - A C C E P T )
R e s u lta ts / o b je c tifs q u a lite
C o m p a re r re s u lta ts /
b u d g e t
B u d g e tC A
C a rn e t d e c d e s
E ffe c tifs
F a ire p ré v is io n s
c o m m e rc ia le s
27Title 27 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS)(9)DECISIONAL SYSTEM : GRAI NET
28Title 28 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Modelling phase (AS IS) (10)
• The models were validated by the synthesis group at the meeting SG3.
• Functional (version 2 or version 3) : A-0, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 + one level of decomposition.
• Physical system (version 2) : A-0, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6.
• Decisional system :
o GRAI Grid : version 4o GRAI Net : 5 GRAI Nets
Conclusion
29Title 29 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (1)
Meeting of the Synthesis Group SG4 : evaluation of the diagnosis phase
• Listing of "points to improve" and strong points• Looking for solution tracks• Identification of Design constraints
Meeting of the Project Board PB2• validation of the diagnosis results evaluation• confirmation of design targets• validation of constraints
The meetings
30Title 30 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase(2)
The diagnosis is performed from : • GRAI Rules for modelling
• The knowledge of analysts
• The knowledge of synthesis group members
Working Method
31Title 31 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (3)
Role of the function "Scheduling" : all the pieces are going through the function "Scheduling"
• Important manual work increases the global cycle (time of transfert, waiting time, important products in progress)
Function " Scheduling " : lot of activities of different nature (scheduling, logistic, maintenance…) difficult to improve together
Activity Bid - Preparation : not accurate evaluation of the lead time • difficulties to plan
Functional view
32Title 32 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (4)
All the parts have to go through the Scheduling
All the parts have to go through the control• increase the producting cycle and increase the costs • wrong circulation of the physical flow
Evaluation of some performance indicators :• Ratio of flow tension (Horizon of the production / Total
operative times for one unit of the finished products)• Number of the orders' delay• Distance of transportation of products• Rate of inventory turnover
Physical System
33Title 33 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (5)
Organisation in job-shop of production in comparison to an organisation by load centre
Strong points : • Excellent ability of operators• Quality products
Questions :• Reduction of products number regarding enterprise strategy ?• Relationships with commercial department (evaluation of lead
time)
Physical System
34Title 34 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (6)
Lack of planning at long term level :• no anticipation and no evaluation of the consequences on the
capacity and supply
• the management of the purchasing and of the subcontracting make is made at short term : no optimisation
• lack of information from commercial department and few follow up
• no integration between the functions of the system
Decisional System : global model
35Title 35 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (7)
Lack of planning at medium term level :• difficulties to adapt the capacity to the load
• no synchronisation with the other functions
o commercial : information on the situation to the load
o preparation : validation of lead time
o to manage products : to evaluate the implications of the delivery delays
o to manage resources : to anticipate the overloads or sub-loads
Decisional System : global model
36Title 36 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Diagnosis Phase (8)
• Majority of event driven decisions : few anticipation
• Few action means at medium term (PL20 et PL40)
• Few criteria for the decision making (cost, lead time)
• Good capacity of adaptation and flexibility (short term)
Decisional System : detailed model (Nets)
37Title 37 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Conclusions of the Diagnosis Phase(9)
Points to improve• Lack of decisions for anticipation at medium and long terms• Action Means and flexibility are bad used because of the short
term system troubles • Lack in the cost and lead time master• Concept of contract not enough used
Strong Points• High adaptation and reactivity• Good technical skills• High level of product quality
38Title 38 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Design phase of target system (TO BE) (1)
1 - Study of physical flow.
2 - Reorganisation of service "Scheduling".
3 - Implementation of a system planning.
4 - Strategic and commercial actions.
5 - Definition of procedures for the Quality control .
6 - Methodological and supports software tool for the preparation
• 6 solutions tracks
39Title 39 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Design phase of target system (TO BE) (2)
PlanningPB
SG
WG
DESIGN PHASE
PB : Project BoardSG : Synthesis GroupWG : Working Group (6 groups)
SG5 (31/8) SG6 (22/9) SG7 (20/10)
PB3 (4/11)
SG8 (16/11)
Double arrows = decision frame
40Title 40 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Design phase of target system (TO BE) (3)
• Hierarchical planning system implementation
41Title 41 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Design phase of target system (TO BE) (4)Decisional System
42Title 42 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
The action plan
• A set of concrete actions such as :
43Title 43 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Choice and implementation of a software with GIMSOFT
44Title 44 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
CONCLUSIONS on the study
On the study• Exemplary study
o Top management involvemento Actors involvemento Action planning
On the performance• Turn over increase : 10%• Customer service level improvement• Number of firm orders / Number of quotation in increase
45Title 45 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Questions on the interest of the approach
Enterprise Modelling is very complex and not efficient: is it true now?
The method could replace a consultant? How? In which condition? The collected knowledge could be reuse for the next evolution? The collected knowledge can be considered as a “MAP” to help to determine the continuous evolution of the enterprise ? This Knowledge is the equivalent of the knowledge concerning the
design of a part? This knowledge is inside the head of the people of the enterprise :
do we need a Knowledge Keeper and not a consultant?
Last comment: : the employees of the enterprise They know problems and have ideas for solutions: they need to be supported in a structured way
46Title 46 Bucharest 130320 CHT Workshop
The International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability
Conclusions
• Concrete example of use of Enterprise Modelling
• Possibility to combine with ECOGRAI (methodology to define and implement Performance Indicators ) (developped in cooperation with KAPLAN (Harvard), father of BSC( Balanced Score Card)
• Use of EM in Servitization (MSEE: Manufacturing SErvice Ecosystem) EC Project
• Use of EM for Supply Chain System(cooperation between Enterprises) or for ECOSYSTEM
Recommended