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Outline of Workshop
• Introduction (Peter Lang, UK Power Networks)
• Procurement (Nick Heyward, UK Power Networks)
• Safety (Ian Lloyd, Northern Powergrid)
• Installation and Commissioning (Mark Dale, Western Power
Distribution)
• Use Cases and Business Models (Alistair Steele, Scottish and
Southern Power Distribution)
• Discussion Session
• Conclusion
Introduction
• Welcome
• Energy Storage Operators Forum
• Electrical Energy Storage is happening
– There is 5.1 MW and 6.4 MWh commissioned
– And 7.2 MW and 13.8 MWh under construction or
planned
• White paper “State of Charge of GB”
• Questions will be taken after the last speaker
Installations as at 1 November
2013
Shetland 1 MW 6 MWh
Shetland 1 MW 3 MWh
Orkney 2 MW 500 kWh
Hemsby 200 kW 200 kWh
Leighton Buzzard 6 MW 10 MWh
Darlington 2.5 MW 5 MWh
100 kW 200 kWh
50 kW 100 kWh
Bristol 90 kW up to 321 kWh
6 kW 14.4 kWh
Key
Commissioned
Under construction
Planned
Decommissioned
Chalvey 25 kW 25 kWh
Nairn 100 kW / 150 kWh
Milton Keynes 150 kW 450 kWh
Willenhall 2 MW 375 kWh
Wooler 100 kW 200 kWh
50 kW 100 kWh
Maltby 50 kW 100 kWh
ESOF Procurement Approaches
• Limited history; but growing - 10MW+ of electrical
energy storage procured through LCNF
• DNOs have well established procurement
processes - Multi-stage procurement
commonplace, in line with EU Directives
• Evaluation criteria reflecting typical priorities: • Safety
• TRL
• Cost effectiveness
• Deployment track record
• Efficiency/Lifetime
• Technical product quality
• Strong financials
Limited ‘real’ supplier choice with
advanced TRL and experience
Initial
Search Pre-Qualification
Accepted for
Tender
Received /
Shortlisted
Challenges & Learning
• Storage Systems are not simple assets!
• Evolving structure & state of the industry
Ancillary Systems
Integration
Services
High-Level
Control /
Management
Core Hardware
Storage Medium – Cells etc.
Power Conversion / Inverters
Low-Level Control Systems Functional/component
level control
Ancillary / Safety
Hardware
System-level control
and integration
• Emerging players. No
manufacturing base
• Potentially small- scale /
VC-backed
• e.g. Greensmith,
Younicos
• Existing players
• Horizontally diversified
from renewables / power
engineering / ancillary
systems.
• e.g. S&C, Alstom, GE
• Technology specialists
with manufacturing base
• EV or Grid markets
• Potentially grant/aid
backing
• e.g. A123, Highview
Commercial Terms for Large-
Scale Energy Storage Systems
Contractual Provision Secured Rationale
Staged payments Incentivise delivery and commissioning on schedule;
mitigate against default
Performance bond Incentivise performance and mitigate against default
Delay compensation Mitigate against construction/storage related costs for
delays
Parental guarantees Mitigate default or non-delivery of supplier & sub-suppliers
Warranty periods and protection
for warranty payments Incentivise manufacturing quality, mitigate against defaults
Public & Product liability
insurances in excess of contract
Cover for catastrophic failures impacting network or public
assets
Professional / Design Indemnity in
excess of contract value
Cover for design failures impacting network security,
damages to network or public assets
Availability Performance KPIs Incentivise high system availability
Sell-back option Mitigate for significant changes to network security
requirements; lack of performance
Challenges & Learning
• Lack of Specifications and Standards
• As deployments grow, experience and
standardisation should follow
Source: Pike Research
Forecast Installed Capacity
Available Learning Outputs
• Orkney Storage Park Close-Down Report
(Commercials)
• Planning & Design Considerations for Large-Scale
Storage
• 1MW Battery, Shetland Interim Close-Down Report
• SoLa Bristol Battery Storage Designs
Safety Introduction
• Over the past 18 months ESOF forum members
have been meeting and exchanging their
operational and safety concerns relating to Energy
storage, and battery technology in particular.
• 10 different installations currently commissioned
across the UK totalling 6.4MWh fed into the
knowledge build and Safe systems of work to allow
the placement, installation and commissioning on
the electricity distribution network.
Safety in the Business
• Following a Safety
driven process
• Identifying key
personnel
• Identifying the
hazards
• Impact assessment
and safety cases
• Training requirements
Safety in the communities
• Engineering
Safety
• Community
Engagement
• Local
authorities
• Fire and
emergency
services
• Press coverage
and visitors
Safety in installation
• Working groups
and planning
activities
• Toolbox talks,
safety walks
• CDM
coordination
• Safe systems
of work
Safety in operation
• Train the business and
service providers
• Issue Operational guidance
• Develop Operational
strategy
Installation Issues
• Domestic Storage
– Sola Bristol……6kW 14.4kWh
• Grid Storage
Orkney…….. 2MW 0.5MWh Chalvey… 25kW 25kWh
Darlington… 2.5MW 5MWh Hemsby... 200kW 200kWh
Darlington… 100kW 200kWh Wooler..... 100kW 200kWh
Darlington… 50kW 100kWh Falcon….. 150kW 450kWh
Maltby……... 50kW 100kWh
Domestic Installation Challenges
• General Installation issues with Domestic system
– Customer Engagement
– Prelim surveys
– Structural re enforcement
– Specialist Lifts
– Logistics/equipment
Grid Scale Installation Challenges
• Large Form Factor
• Difficult to manoeuvre
• DC wiring knowledge gaps
• Fan Noise
• Switching Frequency Noise
• Environmental Conditions
• Heat Dissipation
• Electrical Protection
• Modes of Failure
• Harmonic Content
• Planning Consents
• Factory Acceptance Testing
• Control of on site changes
• Have the right people on site
• G59/G83
• Documentation / risk management
• Specialist skills
General Commissioning issues:
Domestic
• Battery Control Systems
• Radio Equipment
• System Integration
• Maximise cold
commissioning before
connection to grid
General Commissioning issues:
Grid Scale
Introduction
• Distribution network benefits of energy storage
• Additional storage benefits
• Business models
• Real project examples
How can energy storage benefit
networks?
• Network constraint management • Peak demand reduction
• Absorption of excess generation
How can energy storage benefit
networks?
• Voltage management • Reactive power compensation
• Real power management
• Phase balancing
How can energy storage benefit
networks?
• Reserve power • To meet planning standards / save
network upgrades
How can energy storage benefit
networks?
• Optimising back-up generation • Mobile generation (faults)
• Static generation operated by distribution business
Non distribution networks
benefits
To become economically viable storage projects
may need to operate in additional markets:
• Energy arbitrage
• Frequency response
• STOR
• Avoiding customer capacity
charges (demand / generation)
Business models
To operate network connected energy storage there are multiple ownership models under investigation:
• DNO unmetered
• DNO metered
• 3rd party network side of meter
• 3rd party customer side of meter
Business models
Application DNO
Unmetered
DNO
Metered
3rd party
network side
of meter
3rd party
customer
side of meter
Peak demand reduction
Absorption of excess generation
Voltage management
Reserve power to meet planning
standards
Optimising back up generation (faults)
Energy arbitrage
Frequency response / STOR
Capacity charge reduction
Network results (graphs)
• Network constraint management • Peak demand reduction at Chalvey (9kW feeder limit)
Network results (graphs)
• Network constraint management • Hemsby peak shaving based on previous day’s demand
Network results (graphs)
• Optimising back up generation
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
[kW
h/L
]
[kW]
Efficient loading point for the 16kVA generator with lithium battery
Learning points
• Real projects with real results feeding into new storage
projects
• Results prove tangible network benefits
• Multiple business ownership models under
investigation
• Storage can now be implemented to solve real network
issues
• Additional work / learning required before storage can
compete with traditional network upgrades
PANEL DISCUSSION Peter Lang, UK Power Networks (Chair)
Simon Brooke, Electricity North West
Ian Lloyd, Northern Powergrid
Alistair Steele, Scottish and Southern Energy Power Distribution
Alan Collinson, SP Energy Networks
Nick Heyward, UK Power Networks
Mark Dale, Western Power Distribution
Conclusions
• The ESOF has allowed DNOs to share experiences
• We are here demonstrating that it works
• Energy storage is a diverse technology
• DNOs have learnt many lessons, reducing the risk
of demonstrations not delivering the expected
benefits.
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