Energy Primer Online - Figures 1. The Energy System Figure 2.1

1

Energy Primer Online - Figures

The Energy System

Figure 2.1

Global Energy Flows 2005

Figure 2.2

Energy Units and Scales

Figure 2.3

Global Useful Energy

Figure 2.4

Global Final Energy

Figure 2.5

Useful Energy by Sector for Five Regions in 2005

Figure 2.6

Per Capita Useful Energy in 2005

Figure 2.7

Global Energy Flows 2005

Figure 2.8

Primary, Final, and Useful Energy in 2005

Figure 2.9

Growth in UK Energy Services(measured by final energy inputs)

Figure 3.1

Drivers of UK Energy Service Demand Growth

Figure 3.2

World Primary Energy Use

Figure 3.3

Structural Change in World Primary Energy Use

Figure 3.4

Decarbonization of World Primary Energy Use

Figure 3.5

Primary Energy Use versus GDP per Capita

Figure 3.6

Efficiency of Illumination

Figure 4.1

Exergy Efficiencies (Primary Exergy=100%)

Figure 4.2

Energy Intensity Improvements

Figure 4.4

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Principles of Resource Classification

Figure 5.1

Energy Densities

Figure 5.2

Non-fossil Primary Energy in 2005

Figure 6.1(GEA primary energy accounting, see Appendix A)

Figure 6.2a

World Energy Trade of Fossil Fuels (in EJ)

World Energy Trade:Total direct energy (pink) and embodied energy (grey) (in EJ)

Figure 6.2b

Electricity Output by Generating Source 2005

Figure 6.3

World Electricity Generation

Figure 6.4

Examples of Intake Fractions of Air Pollution (grams breathed in per ton emitted).

Figure 7.1

Energy-related CO2 and CH4 Emissions by Region

Figure 7.2

Energy-related Pollutant Emissions by Region

Figure 7.3

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World Final Energy per Capitaversus Cumulative Population

Figure 8.1

Per Capita Primary Energy Use by Service Category

Figure 8.2

Per Capita Primary Energy by Service Category(direct and embodied energy)

for population in bottom rural Indian income quintile and in top Dutch income decilein absolute amounts (GJ/year/capita) and in structure (percent, insert)

Figure 8.3

Lorenz Curves of Energy & Income Inequality

Figure 8.4

Share of Biomass in Primary Energy

Figure 8.5

Electrification Trends for Select Countries

Figure 8.6

Household Direct Final Energy Use in India and Chinafor Rural (left panels) and Urban (right panels) Income Quintiles

Figure 8.7

Energy Demand (E) as a Function of Usage Efficiency (μ) and Technology T

Figure 9.1

Illustrative Price Elasticitiesfor Three Different Income Levels

Figure 9.2

Energy Demand and Supply with Producer Surplus under Competition (left panel) and under Monopoly (right panel).

Figure 9.3

Structure of Levelized Costs of Electricty

Figure 9.4

Gasoline Prices with and without Taxes in US$/literand implied Price of Carbon (US$/tCO2)

Figure 9.5

Different Costs of Energy Service ProvisionExample: Cooking in Developing Countries

Figure 9.6

Impact Pathways Approach (IPA) for Deriving Externality Costs

Figure 9.7

Average Estimated External CostsElectricity Generation in EU27 in 2005-2010

Figure 9.8

External Costs of Goods TransportEurope in 2000

Figure 9.9

Global Primary Energy Supply with Identical Energy Demand for Three Different Primary Energy Accounting Methods

Figure A.1

World Primary Energy (in EJ) by Reporting AgencyAs Reported (dots) and Harmonized Primary Energy Equivalences (lines)

Figure A.2

GEA World Regions

Figure B.2