View
212
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Energy Policy PA 395Friday, June 4, 2004
Gary Flomenhofthttp://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/ENRG-POL-PA395/
P282 “Few words so innocently incorporate into their basic meaning as much simplifying illusion as does the word policy.” -Cordell Moore
“In theory, the making of national policy seeks to redress social ills, remedy economic inefficiencies, provide prudent access to natural resources, and generally transform a multiplicity of special interests into some common good. Policy, however, is made by men and women whose deliberations are driven by political passion and human frailty. Policymaking embraces the maker’s relative skill in the exercise of power, personal standing in the hierarchy of authority and the need to temper the highly desirable with the politically feasible.” -Vito A. Stagliano
Roosevelt-Rise of energy bureacracy
Natl. Resources Board 1934-Natl. resources planning Board
New Deal:TVA-1933 Tenn Valley Authority-“hotbed of communism”BPA-Bonneville Power AdminCACVP-Ca Central Valley Project
1935-Federal Power Act (FPC)1938-Natl Gas Act
RooseveltOil Policy controlled by Oil companiesInterstate Oil Compact CommissionConnolly Hot Oil Act of 1935-production quotas
WWII-possible oil shortageIckes authorized to buy and sell foreign oilInterior Dept. authorized to control domestic prices of oil products, ration supplies, and allocate production to defense and civilian useOil=strategic asset therefore govt. has a duty to be engaged.
Trumanthe URL is www.uvm.horizonlive.com
l1946 Atomic Energy commission-civilian not military Agency. Tool in the cold war demonstrating superiorityOf US system.Anti-trust vs Oil companiesSynthetic fuels first funded
Truman
1946 Atomic Energy commission-civilian not military Agency. Tool in the cold war demonstrating superiorityOf US system.Anti-trust vs Oil companiesSynthetic fuels first funded
Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.- Iran wage disputeGot anti-trust immunity to deal with it.Interior Dept. created foreign Petroleum supply committee
FTC investigation, Justice Dept. Civil damages
Truman
First Energy sector analysis: Harold Barnett, InteriorEnergy Uses and Supplies 1948
“Most fuels were finite in quantity, could not be increasedIn production or substituted for each other without substantial lead time, were developed only with very large investments, and were frequently produced in non-Competitive industries.”
Over-dependence on foreign oil. Should substituteLiquid fuels derived from coal.
Truman
Liquid Synthetic Fuels Act of 1944: $225,000 by Interior Dept. of Mines
1951: Interior Sec Krug-$455M loan guarantees for synfuelsExpired 1952-costs too high-”5 years away fromBeing cost competitive”
Eisenhower
Paley commission chartered by Truman:“Meticulous analysis, complex modeling, brilliant graphicPresentations”
Agnostic on policy recommendations
Cheap foreign oil-10% of imports: affect on domesticExtraction. Troubling %!
Mideast oil owned, produced, transported, refined, retailedBy 7 sisters: Std. Oil NJ, Texaco, guld, Std Oil CA, Mobil, BPRoyal Dutch Shell
Eisenhower
June 1951, Mossadegh regime (IRAN) begins to nationalize
Iranian oil. Anglo-Iranian Oil co. lock out of oil technicians
By Iranian troops=6% shut down of world oil
7 sisters tried to deny technology to run industry. “too
Primitive”
Consortium of western producers including those under
indictment
Eisenhower
1955 voluntary program to reduce oil imports1959 mandatory oil import quotas=distortionUnder Trade agreement extension Act of 1955
Predicted effect raise consumer prices-accelerate depletion of US reserves-, and Created trade barriers-Gatt problem(Randall), chairman councilOn foreign economic policy
National security justification-backfired?
Eisenhower
Venezuela immediately formed OPECAccelerated nationalization fo oil producers1959 “given the nationalistic climate which todaqy prevailsIn Venezuela, it si doubtful that the line can be held at anyPoint short of total govt. control if not expropriation.”-staff report
Proectionism has international diplomatic consequencesBut domestic economic consequences.
Nixon later lifted import quotas, but imposed price controlsCongress prone to slow deliberations on energy
Eisenhower
1953-Atoms for Peace-Cold War propaganda1954-Atomic Energy Act-AEC-NRC1954-Phillips vs. Wisconsin= natural gas regulation inter-state, not intra-state. 35 year effectControls of price, production, source ahd bad effect for 20 years
Kennedy& Johnson
1953-Atoms for Peace-Cold War propaganda1954-Atomic Energy Act-AEC--->NRC1954-Phillips vs. Wisconsin= natural gas regulation inter-state, not intra-state. 35 year effectControls of price, production, source ahd bad effect for 20 years
Recommended