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Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids
copyright cmassengale 1
Question:
How does energy enter an ecosystem?
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•Begins with the SUN
-Photosynthesis
•Begins with chemicals
-chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis
•Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose (C6H12O6)
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6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Organisms that can make glucose during
chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are called
PRODUCERS.copyright cmassengale 6
Producers use most of the energy they make
for themselves.
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-growing-moving-reproducing-waste heat
Producers use cellular respiration
to supply the energy they need to live.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that
releases the energy in glucose.
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6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make
their own energy.copyright cmassengale 10
Organisms that cannot make their own energy
are called CONSUMERS.copyright cmassengale 11
Consumers that eat producers to get energy:
•Are first order (1st) or primary consumers•Are herbivores (plant-eaters)
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Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the
consumer.
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-growing-moving-reproducing-waste heat
Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat.
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Some energy in the primary consumer is STORED & not lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer itself.
This energy is available for another consumer (predator).
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A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy:
•Is called a secondary or 2nd order consumer•May be a carnivore or a omnivore•May be a predator•May be a scavenger
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Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the
secondary consumer.
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Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some
energy is stored and can passed on to
another consumer.
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A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer:
•Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer•May be a carnivore or a omnivore•May be a predator•May be a scavenger
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Consumers that eat producers & other consumers
Are called
omnivores
Omnivores eat
plants and animals
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Consumers that eat other dead
consumers are called Detritivores
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The transfer of energy from the sun to producer to
primary consumer then to higher order consumers can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.
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Food Chains Show Available Energy
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Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is the
ENERGY PYRAMID
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Energy Pyramids Show
•Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers•Amount of available energy decreases down the food chain•It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers•It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers
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Food Webs:
•Are interconnected food chains•They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem
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How Many Chains are in this web?
Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers:
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Count the Food
Chains!
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