Energy Efficient Electric Vehicles€¦ · What are the ingredients for a successful EV Movement?...

Energy Efficient Electric

Vehicles Lessons from Abroad

Dr. Shannon

Arvizu

Mr. Robert Hall

Why EVs?

What do successful EV

Movements look like?

The EV Movement in the U.S.

Who Leads the EV Network in the

US? Entrepreneurs

Established Firms

Research Orgs

Utilities NGOs

Media

Government Agencies

Revenge of the Electric Car

Global EV Movement

US 1 million EVs by 2015

Germany 1 million EVs by 2050, 5 million by 2030

UK 1.2 million EVs by 2020, 3 million by 2030

France 2 million EVs by 2020

China 5 million EVs by 2020

Japan 2 million EVs by 2025

Israel 100% EVs by 2020

EV Movement in Israel

Who Leads the EV Network in

Israel?

Entrepreneurs

Government Agencies

Utilities

Venture Capitalists

Established Firms

Media

Better Place Goes Global

What are the ingredients for

a successful EV

Movement?

1- Establish Network Partnerships for EV Technology

Development and Public Awareness

2- Political Leadership for Energy Independence

3- Incentive Policies to Build Capacity of Local Industry

What targeted incentives

are used to stimulate an EV

Movement?

An EV Policy Package includes incentives

for:

1-Manufacturers of Vehicles and Suppliers

2-Consumers/Fleet Operators

3-Charging Infrastructure Companies

1- Incentives for EV

Manufacturing

Public and private financing for vehicle and battery

research, demonstration, and deployment (U.S. and

China)

Regional tax and rent subsidies to attract

manufacturing plants (U.S.)

Government fleet orders of EVs (Europe and U.S.)

2- Incentives to EV Owners

Tax Credits or Reduced Sales Tax (UK, US, China,

Israel, Denmark)

Fee-bates (CA)

Preferential parking and/or traffic lanes (CA)

Exemption from congestion policies (China)

Reduced franchise fees from city governments

3- Incentives for

Infrastructure Deployment Subsidies and loans for charging infrastructure

equipment manufacturing and installation (U.S.)

Make public/private land available for charging

stations (Israel)

Subsidies and loans for home-charging units for

consumers (U.S.)

What Can We Learn from

China?

A Short-Sighted Vision in

China

-20/40 regulation is lax.

-Demand for faster and heavier EV 2-wheelers.

-Network is dominated by unregulated EV 2-

wheeler manufacturers who use outdated EV

battery technology.

Can China Change

Course?

90% of EV bikes in China use lead-acid batteries (10-

20 kg of lead in each battery)

Need to be replaced every 12-18 months

Mining, producing, and recycling lead is a problem

The right set of policies will:

1. Establish a target and a roadmap for energy

independence

2. Build public-private partnerships between the EV

network of stakeholders

3. Drive demand from early adopters to the

mainstream market

4. Take into consideration clean energy usage and the

lifecycle of vehicles and batteries

5. Create a culture and economy of clean tech

innovation

EVs and EV concepts are

not new…

1993

• Battery powered

EV with on-board

ICE generator

• Designed & built

by team of 38

undergraduate

engineers over

18 months

• Won Ford HEV

Challenge, in

competition with

universities

across US & CA

…But only recently are global

auto makers bringing EVs to the

mainstream market.

EVs Available Globally Now

Nissan LEAF Battery: Lithium-ion

Range: 160km

Available: Japan, US, Ireland, UK

Manufactured: Japan, US

EVs Available Globally Now

Chevrolet Volt Battery: Lithium-ion

Range: 64km all-electric / 610km total

Available: US

Manufactured: US

EVs Available Globally Now

Tesla Roadster Battery: Lithium-ion

Range: 352km

Available: 30 countries

Manufactured: US & UK (assembly)

EVs Available Globally Now

Think City Battery: Lithium-ion

Range: 160km

Available: Norway, Netherlands, Spain,

France, Austria, Switzerland, Finland,

US

Manufactured: Finland, US

EVs Available Globally Now

BMW Mini-E Battery: Lithium-ion

Range: 250km

Available: Limited in Germany, US, UK

Manufactured: UK

EVs Available Globally Now

Electric

Vehicle

Battery

Chemistry

Battery Pack Range

(all

electric)

Charge Time

Nissan LEAF Lithium-ion

(Li-

manganese)

24 kWh; 192

cells; 80 Wh/kg;

272 kg

160 km 8h at 230VAC

Chevrolet Volt Lithium-ion

(Li-

manganese)

16 kWh; 181 kg 64 km 10h at 115VAC

4h at 230VAC

Tesla

Roadster

Lithium-ion

(Li-cobalt)

56 kWh; 6,831

computer ‘18650’

cells; 450kg

352 km 3.5h at 240VAC, 70 amp

10h at 240VAC, 24 amp

BMW Mini-E Lithium-ion

(Li-NMC)

35 kWh 250 km 26h at 115VAC

4.5h at 230VAC, 32 amp

Think City Lithium-ion

(Li-

manganese)

24.5 kWh 160 km 8h at 115VAC

So, why did mainstream

commercial availability take so

long…?

1993 2011

Improvements in Energy Density of

Selected Battery Types, by Year

Battery Technology: Comparing

Energy Densities

Envision EV Success

Email: shannon@misselectric.com,

rob@misselectric.com

Appendix

Battery Technology