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Energy Efficiency Standards for Electric Fans
Eng. Khaled Zahran
Sonesta Hotel-Cairo
09 Oct. 2013
Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels for
Residential Appliances EES&L – 2nd. Phase
Residential Sector Electric
Consumption Share
Commercial
6.2%
Industry
37.6%
Residential
36.8%
Governmental &
Utility
15.3%Agriculture
4.1%
Electricity Consumption (2000/2001)
Residential 38%
Utility 4%
Governmental 5%
Public Lights 6%
Commercial& Other
8%
Agriculture 4%
Industry 35%
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (07/2008)
Total Electricity Consumption = 106.6 TWh
Residential Sector consumption 40.3 TWh
Residential 42%
Utility 5%
Governmental 5%
Public Lights 5%
Commercial& Other
8%
Agriculture 4% Industry
31%
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (2011/2012)
Total Electricity Consumption = 134 TWh
Residential Sector consumption 56.7 TWh
*Major Appliances
air conditioner, freezer, refrigerator, washing machine, water
heater, air Fan, TV, dishwasher, clothes dryer, kitchen electric
hot plate, Electric furnace, microwave, and building circulating
pump.
*Small Appliances
Grill, toaster, mixer, vacuum cleaner, DVD/MP3 player, HiFi &
home cinema, telephone/answering machine, coffee maker,
computer, laptop, printer, scanner, hair dryer, heater and iron
Appliance Country Average Rated
Power (Kw)
Dishwasher 17 1000 – 1500
Televisions 16 40 – 300
Clothes Dryer 15 1200 – 2400
Air Fan 14 30 – 100
Microwave 13 600–1500
Electric Hot plate 13 1000 – 2000
Electric kettles 4 850 – 2200
Building
Circulator Pumps 4 350 – 2500
17
16
15
14
13 13
4 4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
COUNTRIES
Source: clasponline.org
The most common appliances have EES&L for the world:
- Dishwasher - TV
- Clothes dryer - Air fan
DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES APPLYING EES&L FOR RESIDENTIAL APPLIANCES
Rated Power for Small appliances
Small Appliance – Watts
Coffee maker 800 – 1200
Toaster 800-1500
Hot plate 1000 – 1200
Vacuum cleaner 1000 - 2000
Iron 1000 - 1500
Heater 750 -3000
laptop 20-50
Desktop Computer 80-150
printer 100
Typewriter 80-200
CD player 35
Portable stereo 10-30
Satellite dish 30
Electric clock 3
SELECTING CRITERIA FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
A. Degree of saturation
B. Share in energy
consumption
C. Growth rates
D. Expected savings
E. Operation during peak
load period
DEGREE OF SATURATION
FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
150%
110%
55%
20% 20%
10% 10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
Air Fan TV Kettle Dishwasher Microwave Electric HotPlate
Clothes dryer
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
SHARE OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
TV 9%
Refrigerator 23%
Washing machine 13%
Water Heater 9%
Air Condtioner 23%
Fan 5%
Dishwasher 11%
Others 7%
EES&L-UNDP/GEF PHASE II
DEDICATED WORK PLAN FOR SINGLE APPLIANCE
W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4
Improving the Energy Efficiency of Lighting and
Other Building Appliances-UNDP/GEF Phase II
Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Appliances
Dedicated Work Plan for Single Appliance
Prepare for Final Workshop of EES&L and Wrap-up
the Entire Project for the Selected Appliance(s)
Month 6
Select the Targeted Appliance
Develop EES for Selected Appliance
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5
Progress Ongoing Activities Management
Survey International Related Standards Experiences
Identify Selection Criteria
Analyze Local Market and Identify the Dedicated Appliance
Submit a Summarized Inception Report
Survey Dedicated Appliance's Manufactures
(local manufacturers and importers)
Review International EES and Customize Initial Nuclus
Standard for the Dedicated Appliane
Identify Stakeholders for Standards Committee
Conduct Periodic Follow-up and Assessment Meetings
(Applaince Technical Committee)
Identify Appliance's Energy Efficiency Indicator
for the Dedicated Applaince
Identify Targeted Participants
Prepare Formal Invitations and Workshop Agenda
Prepare Technical Documents
Submit Final Report
Identify EE Testing Procedures for the Dedicated Appliance
Determine Energy Consumption Levels for the Dedicated Applaince
Prepare EES Draft for the Dedicated Appliance
Develop Final EES Draft for the Dedicated Appliance
Growth rates for appliances
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
TV Air Fan Kettel Dishwasher Microwave Clothes dryer Electric Hot Plate
The highest Growth rates for appliances: - TV - Air fan - Kettle - Dishwasher
Air Fan Growth Rate
1300
2000
2500
4000
5600
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2007/2006 2008/2007 2009/2008 2010/2009 2011/2010
Pro
du
ctio
n R
ate
10
00
Un
its
APPLIANCES OPERATING LOADS
IN PEAK LOAD PERIOD
90% 90%
50%
40% 40%
30% 30%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Air Fan TV Dishwasher Clothes dryer Kettle Microwave Electric Hot Plate
Peak Load Period
Main Selection Criteria for Electric Fan
Number of Residential Customers 20 million
Fan energy use 60 watt
Electric Power Station 1.2 GW Equivalent to 5% from the thermal installed capacity
Run-time fans located in the peak time for electric power consumption in the summer
Annual energy consumption 1728 GWh/Year
Air fans sales in 2010/2011 rose to 5.6 million fan represents about 340 MWh
ELECTRIC FANS, TYPES
Ceiling Fans
Table Fans
Floor Fans
Window Fans Fans mounted to poles or walls
Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W
Air Flow: 3000-5000 m3/h Rated capacity: 60-100 W
Air Flow: 2000-4500 m3/h Rated capacity: 50-70 W
Air Flow: 2000-4000 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W
Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W
Energy Flow Through a Fan System
A typical fan system consists of a motor, motor control, mechanical drive, and the fan. Power flows from left to right, with each component rejecting a portion of the input
energy as a result of inefficiencies. Energy efficiency of each component is the ratio of the output power to the input
power. The fan imparts energy to the air stream by converting mechanical power at the fan
shaft to air power at the outlet. Some of the input energy is rejected due to aerodynamic losses, mechanical losses
(e.g., bearings), and, to a much lesser extent, acoustic losses. The total efficiency of the fan is given by the ratio of air power to fan shaft power.
Egyptian Standard
ELECTRIC CIRCULATING FANS AND REGULATORS
• Part : 1 (ES: 537-1/ 2011)
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS and CONSTRUCTION
• PART : 2 (ES: 537-2/ 2005)
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Air Fan International Standard
For Minimum Energy Performance Standard
Country Type Test Standards
International Ceiling Pedestal Table
IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators
India Ceiling Pedestal Table
IS 374:1979 IS 1169:1967 IS 555:1979
Sir Lanka Ceiling SLS 814:1988
Bangladesh Ceiling Pedestal Table
BDS 818 BDS 843 BDS 844
Canada Ceiling CSA C 814-96-1998
Ceiling Fans — Air Delivery Test
(1) See IEC, IS, or SLSI test procedure for ceiling fans. (2) CSA specifies an omni-directional hot-wire anemometer; other standards require a vane type anemometer. The airflow measurement device needs to be accurate down to the lowest airflow that needs to be recorded (9.0 m/min.). (3) Typically needed in India if power is taken from the mains (utilities). (4) From IS: 374-1979 but similar to IEC test procedure. (5) IEC 51 – Direct Acting Indicating Analogue electric measuring instruments and their accessories.
Accuracy of Measurement
Air Delivery Test Specifications
International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators
Scope This standard applies to the following types of electric motor directly driven fans and their associated regulators intended for use on single-phase AC and DC circuits not exceeding 250 V:
a) Fans for household and similar purposes: — ceiling type fans; — table type fans; — pedestal type fans.
b) Fans for use in ships: — deck-head type fans; — cabin type fans.
Wherever applicable the term "fan" used in this standard includes its associated regulator, if any. This standard does not apply to the following types of fans which are covered in separate standards: — jet fans (see I E C Publication 535: Jet Fans and Regulators); — ventilating fans (see I E C Publication 665: A.C. Electric Ventilating Fans and Regulators for Household and Similar Purposes). This standard does not apply to safety requirements for electric circulating fans and regulators, which are covered by IEC Publication 342: Safety Requirements for Electric Fans and Regulators
AIR FAN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60879 FOR MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARD
Air Fan Energy Performance Test Room
Energy Efficiency Factor airflow per watt of power consumed by the
motor and controls of the fan. CFM/watt: Cubic Feet per Minute/watt measures air flow efficiency for fans; the higher number, the more efficient the unit.
Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating: the standard defines uniform methods for conducting laboratory tests on housed fans to determine airflow rate, pressure, power and efficiency, at a given speed of rotation.
Criteria for ENERGY STAR Qualified Residential Ceiling
Fans — Minimum Efficacy Levels
Airflow (cfm) Minimum Efficacy Level (cfm/W)
Low At low speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 1,250 CFM* and an efficiency of 155 cfm/W.
Medium At medium speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 3,000 CFM* and an efficiency of 100 cfm/W.
High At high speed, fans must have a minimum airflow of 5,000 CFM* and an efficiency of 75 cfm/W.
Taiwan Minimum Energy Performance Value
for Comfort Fans (2002)
Fan type Fan diameter (cm) Performance Ratio
(m3/min/W) Performance Ratio (cfm/W)
Stand Fans
30 0.81 83
35 0.87 89
40 0.92 94
50 0.91 93
60 0.87 89
Ceiling Fans
60 0.87 89
90 1.15 117
120 1.46 149
130 1.45 148
140 1.45 148
150 1.47 150
Table Fans
18 0.64 65
20 0.66 67
23 0.66 67
25 0.67 68
30 0.79 81
35 0.86 88
40 0.91 93
Technology Improvement Options for Electric Fan
• Motor Size – Fan motors are typically sized for quiet operation and long life, not for high efficiency. Motor efficiency generally increases with increasing motor load relative to motor size. If the motor is oversized, the fan operates less efficiently.
• Motor Quality – There is considerable variation between the performance of standard and energy-efficient motors. Improved design, materials, and manufacturing techniques enable energy-efficient motors to accomplish more work per unit of electricity consumed. Most ceiling fans motors are shaded pole induction motors less than 1/8 hp, the least efficient motor type used in household appliances. But even within this motor class there are many design decisions that can significantly affect motor efficiency.
• Fan Blade Design – The weight and aerodynamic drag of the fan blades affect the load on the fan motor. Most fans use flat (angled) fan blades, and simply setting the angle of the blades correctly can result in higher operating efficiencies.
Replacing conventional 1-phase induction motor with energy efficient 1-phase induction motor
Higher efficiency compared to the conventional motor
Rotor bars are made up of copper instead of aluminum
Increase in copper
Increase in Iron
Higher Cost compared to conventional 1-ph. Induction Motor
Example: 70 W input power can be reduce to 50-55 W.
Replacing the conventional 1-phase induction motor with 1-phase /3-phase PMBL DC motor
Higher efficiency compared to the energy efficient 1-phase induction motor at all the speeds
Higher Motor Cost due to the presence of Magnet, Electronics and Sensors
Small pay back period for the additional cost
Difficulty in achieving the sensor less operation due to low operating speed
Single phase PMBL DC motor should have a non-uniform air gap to achieve starting torque at all rotor positions.
In case of fan with 1-ph. PMBL DC motor, when the fan
is switched off, Jerky motion of rotor due to preferred
parking position of the rotor.
Follow;
Technology Improvement Options for Electric Fan
India Star Labels Compared to Estimates of
Potential Ceiling Fan Efficacy
Efficiency Improvement Option % Reduction from Baseline Power
Improved AC Induction Motor (A ) 36%
BLDC Motor (B) 50%
Efficient Blades (C) 15%
A+C 45%
B+C 57%
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