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Endocrine System Glands
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Adrenal Glands
• Produces androgens and cortisol.
• It helps to control blood sugar.
• Promotes proper cardiovascular function
• Helps in how we respond to stress
• Properly utilizing carbohydrates and fats
• Helps distribute stored fat
• Gives you body odor and pubic hair
• Promotes healthy gastrointestinal functions
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Hypothalamus
• The hypothalamus controls pituitary hormones by releasing:
• Thyrotrophic-releasing hormone
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone
• Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• These hormones regulate body temperature, appetite and weight, mood, sex drive, sleep, and thirst.
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Ovaries
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• Found in women
• Produces eggs and sex hormones
• Estrogen
• Testosterone
• Progesterone
Vital to reproductive organ development, breast development, bone health, pregnancy, and fertility.
Pancreas
• The main function of the pancreas is to maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
• It is a large gland located behind the stomach.
• Produces:
• Insulin
• Glucagon
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Parathyroid
• The parathyroid gland is actually a group of four small glands located behind the thyroid gland.
• Vital to proper bone development because it helps control both calcium and phosphorous levels in the body.
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Pineal
The pineal gland releases melatonin, which helps the body recognize when it is time to go to
sleep.
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Pituitary
• The pituitary gland is a tiny organ, the size of a pea, found at the base of the brain.
• As the “master gland” of the body, it produces many hormones that travel throughout the body, directing certain processes or stimulating other glands to produce other hormones.
• The pituitary gland makes or stores many different hormones.
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Pituitary
• Anterior
• Prolactin
• Growth Hormone
• Adrenocorticotropin
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
• Luteinizing Hormone
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
• Posterior
• Oxytocin
• Antidiuretic Hormone
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Testes
• Found in Men
• Produces Testosterone
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Thymus
• This gland secretes hormones that are commonly referred to as humoral factors and are important during puberty.
• The role of these hormones is to make sure a person develops a healthy immune system.
• Has little purpose after adolescence.
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Thyroid
• Found in both women and men, the thyroid controls a person's metabolism.
• This gland secretes hormones that govern many of the functions in your body, such as the way the body uses energy, consumes oxygen and produces heat.
• Produces:
• Triiodothyronine (T3)
• Thyroxine (T4)
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Endocrine-Related Organs
• Placenta
• Skin, liver, and kidneys
• Stomach and Small Intestines
• Adipose Tissue (Fat)
• Heart
• Skeletal Muscles
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Information and images for this lecture are found at hormone.org
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