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8/3/2019 End of Opaque Universe
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End of Opaque Universe
After recombination universe becomes transparent.
See photons as Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation redshifted by 1000 to 2.7K
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Penzas and Wilson Discovery of Cosmic
Microwave Background
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
(degrees)
(degree
s)
30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
-60
temperature variation
Analyse angular distribution to see typical variation scale
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Measure Scale of CMBR Fluctuations
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CMBR Data Analysis
location of first peak: total~ 1
amplitude of other peaks sensitive to baryon
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Supernova Type 1aImplosiondu noyaud toile
Explosiond toile
Expansion du matireonde de choc ? acclration
Supernova Restes du Supernova
Implosion
of core of
red giant
Expansion of matter
shock wave 0.5 cExplosion of star
Supernova Supernova Remnant
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SuperNovae observed in our galaxy
Date Remnant Observed
352 BC Chinese
185 AD SNR 185 Chinese
369 ? Chinese
386 Chinese
393 SNR 393 Chinese
437 ?
827 ?902 ?
1006 SN1006 Arabic, ...
1054 Crab Chinese,..
1181 3C58 Chinese,..
1203 ?
1230 ?1572 Tycho Tycho Brahe
1604 Kepler Johannes Kepler
1667 Cas A not seen ?
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SuperNovae Remnants
Vela Cas ATycho
Crab
Cygnus Loop
Soleil
Tycho
Crab
Cas A
Vela
Kepler
Cygnus
SN1006
SN1006SN1006SN1054 (Crab)SN1680 (CasA)
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Supernova in Large Magellenic Cloud
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Distant Supernova
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Life of big star ( > 1,4 M )
End in Supernovae of type Ib, Ic et II
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Life of big star ( < 1,4 M )
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La nbuleuse de la Lyre
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Type Ia supernovae
SNe Ia sont which accrete matter from neighbour star in binary system
When the mass achieves the Chandrasekhar mass (~1.4 M) star collapsesto neutron star in supernova explosion.
Always same mass so always same luminosity
Standard Candle for measuring universe expansion
Flow of
matter
Red Giant
White Dwarf
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Reference Image
Subtraction
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Expansion with Supernova Ia
Acceleration ofuniverse expansion
effective
magnitudeb
rig
htnessd
istance
redshift recession velocity
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In 1998, two teams: High-Z Supernovae
and Supernovae Cosmology Project
simultaneously annouce non-zero
cosmological constant:
= 0,72 0,23
M= 0,28 0,09
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So what does it mean?
( due to E. Copeland, a theorist)
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Supernova at z 1.7
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2500 SNe Ia per year with z < 1.7
Study Equation of state w=pw/w
Future Project: SNAP
-
-
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Understanding Nature of Dark Energy
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Evidence for Matter DensityCombined Data
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, Supernova 1a, Galaxy clusters and BBN
tot = total/critical
critical density
for flat universecritical= 3H
2/8GN
H = h . 100 km/s/Mpc
M = matter/critical
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Matter/Energy in the Universe
baryons neutrinos cold dark matter
= b + +CDM 0.4
total = + 1
matter dark energy
Baryonic matter : b
0.05 stars, gas, brown dwarfs, white dwarfs
Matter:
Cold Dark Matter :
CDM 0.3
WIMPS/neutralinos, axions
Neutrinos:
0.003
if() 0.1 eV as from oscillations
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