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Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
STEFAN OFFERMANNS AND WALTER ROSENTHAL (Eds.)
Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology(2nd edition)
With 487 Figures* and 171 Tables
*For color figures please see our Electronic Reference on www.springerlink.com
Editors:Professor Dr. Stefan Offermanns Professor Dr. Walter Rosenthal
Pharmakologisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 366D-69120 HeidelbergGermanyStefan.Offermanns@pharma.uni-heidelberg.deLeibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Campus Berlin-BuchRobert-Rössle-Str. 10D-13125 BerlinGermanyRosenthal@fmp-berlin.de
A C.I.P. Catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-3-540-38916-3This publication is available also as:Electronic publication under ISBN 978-3-540-38918-7 andPrint and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-3-540-38921-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008921487
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights oftranslation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks.Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, inits current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under theGerman Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2008
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names areexempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques andmedications contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature.
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media
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Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 191230 2109 — 5 4 3 2 1 0
Preface to the First Edition
The era of pharmacology, the science concerned with the understanding of drug action, began only about 150 yearsago when Rudolf Buchheim established the first pharmacological laboratory in Dorpat (now, Tartu, Estonia). Sincethen, pharmacology has always been a lively discipline with “open borders”, reaching out not only to other lifesciences such as physiology, biochemistry, cell biology and clinical medicine, but also to chemistry and physics.In a rather successful initial phase, pharmacologists devoted their time to describing drug actions either at the singleorgan level or on an entire organism. Over the last few decades, however, research has focused on the molecularmechanisms by which drugs exert their effects. Here, cultured cells or even cell-free systems have served as models.As a consequence, our knowledge of the molecular basis of drug actions has increased enormously. The aim ofEncyclopedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacology is to cover this rapidly developing field.
The reductionist approach described above has made it increasingly important to relate the molecular processesunderlying drug actions to the drug effect on the level of an organ or whole organism. Only this integrated view willallow the full understanding and prediction of drug actions, and enable a rational approach to drug development. Onthe molecular or even atomic level, new disciplines such as bioinformatics and structural biology have evolved.They have gained major importance within the field but are particularly relevant for the rational development anddesign of new drugs. Finally, the availability of the complete genome sequence of an increasing number of speciesprovides a basis for systematic, genome-wide pharmacological research aimed at the identification of new drugtargets and individualised drug treatment (pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics). All these aspects areconsidered in this encyclopedia.
The main goal of the Encyclopedia is to provide up-to-date information on the molecular mechanisms of drugaction. Leading experts in the field have provided 159 essays, which form the core structure of this publication.
Most of the essays describe groups of drugs and drug targets, with the emphasis not only on already exploited drugtargets, but also on potential drug targets as well. Several essays deal with the more general principles ofpharmacology, such as drug tolerance, drug addiction or drug metabolism. Others portray important cellularprocesses or pathological situations and describe how they can be influenced by drugs. The essays arecomplemented by more than 1600 keywords, for which links are provided. By looking up the keywords or titles ofessays highlighted in each essay, the reader can obtain further information on the subject. The alphabetical order ofentries makes the Encyclopedia very easy to use and helps the reader to search successfully. In addition, the namesof authors are listed alphabetically, together with the title of their essay, to allow a search by author name.
Apart from very few exceptions, the entries in the main text do not contain drug names in their titles. Instead, drugsthat are commonly used all over the world are listed in the Appendix. Also included in the Appendix are fourextensive sections that contain tables listing proteins such as receptors, transporters or ion channels, which are ofparticular interest as drug targets or modulators of drug action.
The Encyclopedia provides valuable information for readers with different expectations and backgrounds (fromscientists, students and lecturers to informed lay-people) and fills the gap between pharmacology textbooks andspecialized reviews.
All the contributing authors as well as the editors have taken great care to provide up-to-date information. However,inconsistencies or errors may remain, for which we assume full responsibility. We welcome comments, suggestionsor corrections and look forward to a stimulating dialog with the readers of the Encyclopedic Reference of MolecularPharmacology whether their comments concern the content of an individual entry or the entire concept.
We are indebted to our colleagues for their excellent contributions. It has been a great experience, both personallyand scientifically, to interact with and learn from the 200 plus contributing authors. We would also like to thankMs. Hana Deuchert andMs. Katharina Schmalfeld for their excellent and invaluable secretarial assistance during allthe stages of this project. Within Springer-Verlag, we are grateful to Dr. Thomas Mager for suggesting the project andto Frank Krabbes for his technical expertise. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Claudia Langefor successfully managing the project and for her encouraging support. It has been a pleasure to work with her.
Heidelberg/Berlin, June 2003STEFAN OFFERMANNS AND WALTER ROSENTHAL
Preface to the Second Edition
The first edition of the Encyclopedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacologywas well received by its readers, thanksto the excellent work done by the authors, of whom most have contributed to the second edition as well. The basicstructure of the Encyclopedia has remained unchanged. It is primarily based on essays, which have been updated,and their number has been increased to 225 to include many new exciting areas. These essays cover important drugsand drug targets, but also general principles of pharmacology as well as cellular processes and pathologicalsituations which are relevant for drug action. In addition, there are about xy key words linked to the essays. TheEncyclopedia is complemented by an Appendix, which has been greatly enlarged, listing more than 700 drugs andmore than 4,000 proteins that act as receptors, membrane transport proteins, transcription factors, enzymes oradhesion molecules.
During the preparation, we greatly enjoyed the interaction with all our colleagues who contributed to this referencework. It has been a pleasure and an enriching experience to deal with so many facets of pharmacology. We are verythankful to the contributing authors for the careful updating of their essays, and, in particular, we would like toexpress our gratitude to the more than xy new authors who have written excellent essays on novel topics. Finally, wewould like to thank Dr. Michaela Bilic and Simone Giesler from Springer for their enthusiasm throughout theproject and their constant support.
Heidelberg/Berlin, November 2007STEFAN OFFERMANNS AND WALTER ROSENTHAL
List of Contributors
AMY N. ABELL
University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NCUSAAmy_Abell@med.unc.edu
IAN M. ADCOCK
Imperial CollegeLondonUKian.adcock@ic.ac.uk
GEORGE K. AGHAJANIAN
Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CTUSAgeorge.aghajanian@yale.edu
KLAUS AKTORIES
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie undToxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgFreiburgGermanyklaus.aktories@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
NEIL ANDERSON
Department of NeuropharmacologyCopenhagenDenmark
ION ANGHELESCU
Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité, CBFBerlinGermanyion.anghelescu@charite.de
LUCIO ANNUNZIATO
Division of Pharmacology, Department of NeuroscienceSchool of Medicine, “Federico II” University of NaplesNaplesItalylannunzi@unina.it
MARINA P. ANTOCH
Department of Molecular and Cancer BiologyRoswell Park Cancer InstituteNYUSAantochm@ccf.org
FABIO ANTONIOLI
Department of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsraelFabio.Antonioli@weizmann.ac.il
HELLMUT G. AUGUSTIN
Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the MedicalFaculty MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, and the German Cancer ResearchCenter (DKFZ)Mannheim and HeidelbergGermanyh.augustin@dkfz-heidelberg.de
JOHAN AUWERX
Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-Institut Clinique de la SourisIllkirchFranceauwerx@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr
CHRISTIAN AYMANNS
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity HospitalUlmGermany
WILLIAM BABBITT
UCSF School of MedicineSan Francisco, CAUSAwilliam.babbitt@ucsf.edu
EVELYN BACK
Novartis Pharma GmbHNürnbergGermanyevelyn_back@hotmail.com
MICHAEL BADER
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC)Campus Berlin-BuchGermanymbader@mdc-berlin.de
CLIFFORD J. BAILEY
School of Life and Health SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUKc.j.bailey@aston.ac.uk
JILLIAN G. BAKER
University of NottinghamUKjillian.baker@nottingham.ac.uk.
ANDREAS BARTHEL
BG-Kliniken BergmannsheilRuhr-UniversityBochumGermanyAndreas.Barthel@post.rwth-aachen.de
x List of Contributors
HOLGER BASTIANS
Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps-University MarburgGermanybastians@imt.uni-marburg.de
JOSEPH A. BEAVO
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WAUSAbeavo@u.washington.edu
HEINZ BECK
Labor für Experimentelle Epileptologie, Klinik fürEpileptologieUniversitätskliniken BonnBonnGermanyheinz.beck@ukb.uni-bonn.de
CORD-MICHAEL BECKER
Institut für BiochemieEmil-Fischer-Zentrum, Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermanycmb@biochem.uni-erlangen.de
JÜRGEN BEHRENS
Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineErlangenGermanyjbehrens@molmed.uni-erlangen.de
FABRIZIO BENEDETTI
Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Turin Medical SchoolTurinItalyfabrizio.benedetti@unito.it
MARTIN R. BERGER
DKFZ, Toxicology and Chemotherapy UnitIm Neuenheimer FeldHeidelbergGermanym.berger@dkfz.de
FELICITY K. R. BERTRAM
Sackler Institute of Pulmonary PharmacologyKing’s College LondonLondonUKfelicity.bertram@kcl.ac.uk
MARTIN BIEL
Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM andDepartment of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMünchenGermanymbiel@cup.uni-muenchen.de
HANS K. BIESALSKI
Institute of Biological Chemistry and NutritionUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermanybiesal@uni-hohenheim.de
TIFFANY BLAKE
Laboratory of GI Developmental BiologyDepartment of SurgeryMedicine & Lombardi Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashington, DCUSAgutresearch@yahoo.com
GREGORY LE BLATCH
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology andBiotechnologyRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africag.blatch@ru.ac.za
CLARK M. BLATTEIS
University of Tennessee Health Science CenterCollege of MedicineMemphis, TNUSAblatteis@physio1.utmem.edu
ANDREE BLAUKAT
TA Oncology, Merck Serono ResearchMerck KGaADarmstadtGermanyAndree.Blaukat@merck.de
MICHAEL BÖHM
Klinik für Innere Medizin IIIHomburg/SaarGermanyboehm@med-in.uni-saarland.de
MICHELLE BOONE
Department of PhysiologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
ARNDT BORKHARDT
Children’s University Hospital, Department of PaediatricHaematology & Oncology & Clinical ImmunologyUniversität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermanyarndt.borkhardt@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
JACK BOTTING
William Harvey Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and DentistrySt. Bartholomew’s and Royal LondonLondonUKr.m.botting@qmul.ac.uk
List of Contributors xi
REGINA BOTTING
William Harvey Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and DentistrySt. Bartholomew’s and Royal LondonLondonUKr.m.botting@qmul.ac.uk
STEFAN-MARTIN BRAND-HERRMANN
Leibniz-Institut für ArterioskleroseforschungUniversität MünsterMünsterGermanybrandher@uni-muenster.de
MICHAEL BRÄU
Abteilung Anaesthesiologie und Operative IntensivmedizinJustus-Liebig-UniversitätGießenGermanymeb@anesthesiologie.de
MATTHEW D. BREYER
Division of NephrologyMedical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TNUSArich.breyer@vanderbilt.edu
RICHARD M. BREYER
Division of NephrologyMedical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TNUSArich.breyer@vanderbilt.edu
JÜRGEN BROCKMÖLLER
Zentrum Pharmakologie und ToxikologieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenGöttingenGermanyjurgen.brockmoller@med.uni-goettingen.de
MATTHEW D. BROWN
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MAUSA
EDWARD M. BROWN
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and HypertensionBrigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MAUSAembrown@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
EREZ M. BUBLIL
Department of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsraelErez.Bublil@weizmann.ac.il
FRED BUNZ
The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at JohnsHopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, MDUSAbunzfre@mail.jhmi.edu
RÉMY BURCELIN
Institute of Molecular MedicineINSERM, IFR 31Université Paul SabatierToulouseFranceburcelin@toulouse.inserm.fr
GEOFFREY BURNSTOCK
Autonomic Neuroscience CentreRoyal Free and University College Medical SchoolLondonUKg.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk
AMAN U. BUZDAR
Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TXUSAAbuzdar@mdanderson.org
PATRICE D. CANI
Institute of Molecular MedicineINSERM, IFR 31Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
PATRICK J. CASEY
Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NCUSACasey006@mc.duke.edu
TAMARA CASTANEDA
Department of PsychiatryObesity Research Center, University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OHUSAcastant@ucmail.uc.edu
THOMAS K. H. CHANG
Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BCCanadatchang@interchange.ubc.ca
DI CHEN
ANZAC Research InstituteThe University of RochesterNY, USA
BENJAMIN N. R. CHEYETTE
University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CAUSAbc@lppi.ucsf.edu
xii List of Contributors
RUSSELL COMPTON
School of BiosciencesThe University of BirminghamUKrmc095@bham.ac.uk
MARGARET R. CUNNINGHAM
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow, UKmargaret.r.cunningham@strath.ac.uk
DAVID CZOCK
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity HospitalUlmGermany
ANTHONY P. DAVENPORT
Clinical Pharmacology UnitUniversity of CambridgeLevel 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’sHospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQUKApd10@medschl.cam.ac.uk
SHAHEEHAH DAWOOD
Department of Breast Medical OncologyThe University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TXUSAs.dawood@mdanderson.org
WIM DECLERCQ
Department of Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityBelgium
PETER M.T. DEEN
Department of PhysiologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlandsp.deen@ncmls.ru.nl
VINCENZO DI MARZO
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of BiomolecularChemistryPozzuoliItalyvdimarzo@icmib.na.cnr.it
MIREILLE DELHASE
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, CAUSAmdelhase@ucsd.edu
STEFAN DHEIN
Universität Leipzig, Herzzentrum LeipzigKlinik für HerzchirurgieLeipzigGermanydhes@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
HOLGER J. DOEGE
Eli Lilly & Company, Intergrative BiologyGreenfield, IN 46140USAdoegehj@lilly.com
ANDREAS DRAGUHN
Institut für Physiologie und PathophysiologieUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyandreas.draguhn@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
COLIN ROBERT DUNSTAN
Head, Bone Research ProgramANZAC Research Institute, The University of SydneyConcord, NSWAustralia
ANNE DURKAN
Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ONTCanada
BJARKE EBERT
Department of ElectrophysiologyCopenhagenDenmarkbjeb@lundbeck com
ROBERT EDWARDS
Departments of Neurology and PhysiologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan Francisco, CAUSAedwards@itsa.ucsf.edu
MICHEL EICHELBAUM
Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of ClinicalPharmacologyStuttgartGermanymichel.eichelbaum@ikp-stuttgart.de
JOHN H. EXTON
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department ofMolecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashville, TNUSAjohn.exton@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
SANDRINE FAIVRE
Department of Medical OncologyBeaujon University HospitalClichy CedexFrance
FRANCESCO FALCIANI
School of BiosciencesThe University of BirminghamUKf.falciani@bham.ac.uk
List of Contributors xiii
NAPOLEONE FERRARA
Genentech, Inc.South San Francisco, CAUSAnf@gene.com
THOMAS J. FEUERSTEIN
Sektion Klinische Neuropharmakologie, NeurozentrumNeurochirurgische UniversitätsklinikFreiburgGermanythomas.feuerstein@uniklinik-freiburg.de
VEIT FLOCKERZI
Institut für Pharmakologie und ToxikologieUniversität des SaarlandesHomburgGermanyveit.flockerzi@uniklinik-saarland.de
MARYANN FOOTE
M A Foote Associates, Westlake VillageCA and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityAustraliafmawriter@aol.com
ULRICH FÖRSTERMANN
Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermanyulrich.forstermann@uni-mainz.de
JÜRGEN FRANK
zet - Centre for Alternative and Complementary Methods toAnimal TestingLinzAustriaj.frank@zet.or.at
JEAN-MARIE FRERE
Centre d’Ingenierie des ProtéinesUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgiumjmfrere@ulg.ac.be
CHRISTIAN FREUND
Protein Engineering GroupLeibniz-Institute for Molecular PharmacologyBerlinGermanyfreund@fmp-berlin.de
ELKE C. FUCHS
Abteilung Klinische NeurobiologieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN)HeidelbergGermanyE.Fuchs@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
RUTH GEISS-FRIEDLANDER
Department of Biochemie I, Faculty of MedicineUniversity GoettingenGoettingenGermanyf.melchior@medizin.uni-goettingen.de
GERD GEISSLINGER
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der JohannWolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermanygeisslinger@em.uni-frankfurt.de
TOM GELDART
Department of Medical OncologySouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonUKtomgeldart@doctors.org.uk
NANCY GERITS
Department of Microbiology and VirologyInstitute of Medical Biology, University of TromsoTromsoNorwaynancyg@fagmed.uit.no
PIERRE GERMAIN
Department of Cell Biology and Signal TransductionInstitut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire(IGBMC)Illkirch CedexFrancegermain@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr
STEPHEN J. GETTING
Department of Human and Health Sciences, School ofBiosciencesUniversity of WestminsterLondonUKs.getting@wmin.ac.uk
JEAN-MARIE GHUYSEN
Centre d’Ingenierie des ProtéinesUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
ERIC GLASGOW
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology, Department ofSurgeryMedicine & Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown UniversityWashington, DCUSA
JENNIFER L. GLICK
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WAUSAjendogger@yahoo.com
MURALI GOPALAKRISHNAN
Global Pharmaceutical Research and DevelopmentAbbott LaboratoriesAbbott Park, ILUSAmurali.gopalakrishnan@abbott.com
xiv List of Contributors
ANDREAS GREINACHER
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermanygreinach@mail.uni-greifswald.de
SERGIO GRINSTEIN
Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ONTCanadasga@sickkids.ca
HINRICH GRONEMEYER
Department of Cell Biology and Signal TransductionInstitut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire(IGBMC)Illkirch CedexFrancehg@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr
MARKUS GRUBE
Department of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology andExperimental TherapeuticsErnst-Moritz-Arndt University GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
THOMAS GUDERMANN
Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburgGermanyguderman@mailer.uni-marburg.de
JULIE M. HALL
Hamner Institutes of Health SciencesResearch Triangle Park, NCUSAhall0130@mc.duke.edu
D. GRAHAME HARDIE
College of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeScotlandUKd.g.hardie@dundee.ac.uk
AARON N. HATA
Division of NephrologyMedical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, TN,USA
JULIA HEAD
Department of Medical OncologySouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonUKjulia.head@icr.ac.uk
LUTZ HEIN
University of FreiburgFreiburgGermanylutz.hein@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
UWE HEINEMANN
Johannes-Müller-Institut für PhysiologieUniversitätsklinikum CharitéHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermanyuwe.heinemann@charite.de
MATTHIAS HEINZE
Protein Engineering GroupLeibniz-Institute for Molecular PharmacologyBerlinGermany
PETER HEISIG
Pharm. Biology and MicrobiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermanyheisig@chemie.uni-hamburg.de
CLAUS W. HEIZMANN
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry andBiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerlandheizmann@access.unizh.ch
RICARDO HERMOSILLA
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell BiologyCharité Medical University BerlinBerlinGermanyricardo.hermosilla@charite.de
MÉLANIE HÉROULT
Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the MedicalFaculty MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, and the German Cancer ResearchCenter (DKFZ)Mannheim and HeidelbergGermany
PETER HERRLICH
Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz-Lipmann-InstituteJenaGermanypherrlich@fli-leibniz.de
HEIKO HERWALD
Lund UniversityLundSwedenHeiko.Herwald@med.lu.se
ISABELLA HEUSER
Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité, CBFBerlinGermanyisabella.heuser@charite.de
List of Contributors xv
STEPHEN J. HILL
University of NottinghamUKstephen.hill@nottingham.ac.uk
MARIUS C. HOENER
F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharmaceuticals Division,Discovery NeuroscienceBaselSwitzerlandmarius.hoener@roche.com
FRANZ HOFMANN
Institut für Pharmakologie und ToxikologieTU MünchenMünchenGermanyPharma@ipt.med.tu-muenchen.de
VOLKER HÖLLT
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgMagdeburgGermanyVolker.Hoellt@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
HELMUT HOLTMANN
Rudolf-Buchheim-Institut für PharmakologieFrankfurter Straße 107D-35392 GießenHoltmann.Helmut@MH-Hannover.de
LÁSZLÓ HOMOLYA
Research Group of Membrane Biology, Hungarian Academyof SciencesHungary
RICHARD HORUK
Department of ImmunologyBerlex BiosciencesRichmond CAUSAhoruk@pacbell.net
SANDER M. HOUTEN
Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlandss.m.houten@amc.uva.nl
DANIEL HOYER
Psychiatry/Neuroscience ResearchNovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research BaselBaselSwitzerlanddaniel.hoyer@novartis.com
NORBERT HÜBNER
MDC for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermanynhuebner@mdc-berlin.de
CHRISTINE HUPPERTZ
Pharma ResearchNovartis Pharma AGSwitzerlandchristine.huppertz@novartis.com
ANDREA HUWILER
pharmazentrum frankfurtJohann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainGermanyhuwiler@em.uni-frankfurt.de
KEIJI IMOTO
National Institute for Physiological Sciences and School ofLife ScienceThe Graduate University for Advanced StudiesOkazakiJapankeiji@nips.ac.jp
KIYOMI ITODepartment of Clinical PharmacokineticsHoshi UniversityTokyo, Japank-ito@hoshi.ac.jp
KENNETH A. JACOBSON
Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of BioorganicChemistry, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive andKidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, MDUSAkajacobs@helix.nih.gov
REINHARD JAHN
Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische ChemieGöttingenGermanyrjahn@gwdg.de
ELISABETH M. JEANCLOS
Universitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermanyElisabeth.Jeanclos@uni-duesseldorf.de
THOMAS J. JENTSCH
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) andMax-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC)BerlinGermanyjentsch@fmp-berlin.de
GARY L. JOHNSON
University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NCUSAGary_Johnson@med.unc.edu
ROGER A. JOHNSON
Department of Physiology and BiophysicsState University of New YorkNew York, NYUSAroger.johnson@stonybrook.edu
xvi List of Contributors
HANS-GEORG JOOST
Department of PharmacologyGerman Institute of Human NutritionPotsdam-RehbrueckeGermanyjoost@dife.de
THOMAS JUNGHANSS
Section of Clinical Tropical MedicineUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyThomas.Junghanss@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
VOLKHARD KAEVER
Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School HannoverHannoverGermanykaever.volkhard@mh-hannover.de
SHITIJ KAPUR
PET Centre - Schizophrenia DivisionCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ONTCanadashitij_kapur@camh.net
JOHN J. P. KASTELEIN
Department of Vascular MedicineAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlandsj.j.kastelein@amc.uva.nl
STEPHAN KELLENBERGER
Département de pharmacologie et de toxicologie del’UniversitéLausanneSwitzerlandStephan.Kellenberger@unil.ch
FRIEDER KELLER
Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity HospitalUlmGermanyFrieder.Keller@uniklinik-ulm.de
TERRY P. KENAKIN
Receptor BiochemistryGlaxo Wellcome ResearchResearch Triangle Park, NCUSAtpk1348@GlaxoWellcome.com
ELAINE F. KENNY
School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity College DublinIrelandkennyef@tcd.ie
KRISTOF KERSSE
Department of Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityBelgium
HEIKO KILTER
Klinik für Innere Medizin IIIHomburg/SaarGermanykilter@med-in.uni-saarland.de
PATRICK KITABGI
INSERM U732/Université Pierre et Marie CurieHopital St-AntoineParis cedex 12Francekitabgi@st-antoine.inserm.fr
SUSANNE KLUMPP
Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätMünsterGermanyseklumpp@uni-muenster.de
ENNO KLUSSMANN
Leibniz-Institut fürMolekulare Pharmakologie Department ofMolecular Pharmacology and Cell BiologyCharitè-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermanyklussmann@fmp-berlin.de
CLAUDE KNAUF
Institute of Molecular MedicineINSERM, IFR 31Université Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
KLAUS-PETER KNOBELOCH
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermanyknobeloch@fmp-berlin.de
BRIAN K. KOBILKA
Stanford University Medical SchoolStanford, CAUSAkobilka@stanford.edu
DORIS KOESLING
Pharmakologie und ToxikologieRuhr-Universität BochumBochumGermanydoris.koesling@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
SPIRO M. KONSTANTINOV
Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical University in Sofia, Faculty of PharmacySofiaBulgariakonstantinov.spiromihaylov@gmail.com
KENNETH S. KORACH
National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle Park, NCUSAkorach@niehs.nih.gov
List of Contributors xvii
MICHAEL KRACHT
Medizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermanyKracht.Michael@MH-Hannover.de
EBERHARD KRAUSE
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermanyekrause@fmp-berlin.de
GERD KRAUSE
Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieCampus Berlin-BuchGermanygkrause@fmp-berlin.de
HANS-GEORG KRÄUSSLICH
Abteilung VirologieUniversitätsklinikum HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyHans-Georg_Kraeusslich@med.uni-heidelberg.de
REINHOLD KREUTZ
Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermanykreutz@medizin.fu-berlin.de
KERSTIN KRIEGLSTEIN
Universität GöttingenGöttingenGermanykkriegl@gwdg.de
JOSEF KRIEGLSTEIN
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut fürPharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieMünsterGermanykrieglst@uni-muenster.de
ANJA KRIPPNER-HEIDENREICH
Institut of Cellular MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUKanja.krippner@izi.uni-stuttgart.de
HEYO K. KROEMER
Department of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology andExperimental TherapeuticsErnst-Moritz-Arndt University GreifswaldGreifswaldGermanykroemer@uni-greifswald.de
ROHINI KUNER
Institute for PharmacologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyrohini.kuner@pharma.uni-heidelberg.de
NAGOMI KUREBAYASHI
Department of PharmacologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapannagomik@med.juntendo.ac.jp
THORSTEN LANG
Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische ChemieGöttingenGermanytlang@.gwdg.de
MICHAEL LANZER
Department of ParasitologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyMichael_Lanzer@med.uni-heidelberg.de
DAVID S. LATCHMAN
Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUKd.latchman@ich.ncl.ac.uk
MOGENS LYTKEN LARSEN
Odense University Hospital and Department of CardiologyAalborg HospitalDenmarkmogenslytkenlarsen@dadlnet.dk
ALESSANDRO LECCI
Clinical Research Dept (AL) and Direction (CAM) ofMenarini RicercheFlorenceItalyalecci@menarini-ricerche.it
ALAN R. LEFF
Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicago, ILUSAaleff@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
PETER LIBBY
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department ofMedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MAUSAplibby@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
LOTHAR LINDEMANN
F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharmaceuticals Division, DiscoveryNeuroscienceBaselSwitzerlandlothar.lindemann@roche.com
JENS P. LINGE
Joint Research Centre of the European CommissionIspraItaly
xviii List of Contributors
MARIA LIOUMI
School of BiosciencesThe University of BirminghamUKmaria.lioumi@cancer.org.uk
ROBBIE LOEWITH
Département de Biologie MoléculaireUniversité de GenèveSwitzerlandRobbie.Loewith@molbio.unige.ch
MARTIN J. LOHSE
Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermanylohse@toxi.uni-wuerzburg.de
KATHERINE S. LONG
Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmarklong@mermaid.molbio.ku.dk
ANATOLI N. LOPATIN
University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MIUSAalopatin@umich.edu
JOURN LÖTSCH
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der JohannWolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermanyj.loetsch@em.uni-frankfurt.de
MARIE-GABRIELLE LUDWIG
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSwitzerlandMarie-gabrielle.Ludwig@novartis.com
RAYMUND MACHOVICH
Department of Medical BiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungarymr@puskin.sote.hu
FERNANDO MACIAN
Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NYUSAfmacianj@aecom.yu.edu
CARLO ALBERTO MAGGI
Clinical Research Dept (AL) and Direction (CAM) ofMenarini RicercheFlorenceItalycamaggi@menarini-ricerche.it
JANET J. MAGUIRE
Clinical Pharmacology UnitUniversity of CambridgeLevel 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’sHospitalCambridgeUK
DAVID C. MAMO
PET Centre - Schizophrenia DivisionCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, ONTCanadaDavid_Mamo@camh.net
PEKKA T. MÄNNISTÖ
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty ofPharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinlandPekka.Mannisto@helsinki.fi
CHRISTIAN MARTIN
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology andToxicologyUniversitätsklinikum AachenAachenGermanychmartin@ukaachen.de
MICHAEL U. MARTIN
Immuology FB 08Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessenGermanyMichael.Martin@bio.uni-giessen.de
FRAUKE MELCHIOR
Department of Biochemie I, Faculty of MedicineUniversity GoettingenGoettingenGermanyf.melchior@medizin.uni-goettingen.de
PIERANTONIO MENNA
Department of Drug Sciences and Center of Excellence onAgingG. d’Annunzio University School of MedicineChietiItaly
AXEL H. MEYER
Abteilung Klinische NeurobiologieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN)HeidelbergGermanyaxmeyer@urz.uni-hd.de
DIETER K. MEYER
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie undToxikologieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgFreiburgGermanydieter.meyer@pharmakol-uni-freiburg.de
List of Contributors xix
THOMAS MEYER
Abteilung Psychosomatische Medizin und PsychotherapieUniversität MarburgGermanyuwe.vinkemeier@nottingham.ac.uk
DAGMAR MEYER ZU HERINGDORF
Institut für PharmakologieUniversität Duisburg-EssenGermanydagmar.meyer-heringdorf@uni-due.de
WOLFGANG MEYERHOF
Department of Molecular GeneticsGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeNuthetalGermanymeyerhof@dife.de
MARTIN C. MICHEL
Academisch Medisch CentrumAmsterdamThe Netherlandsm.c.michel@amc.nl
NICO MICHEL
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, HeidelbergGermanyNico.Michel@med.uni-heidelberg.de
GIORGIO MINOTTI
Department of Drug Sciences and Center of Excellence onAgingG. d’Annunzio University School of MedicineChietiItalygminotti@unich.it
BIBHUTI MISHRA
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology, Department ofSurgeryMedicine & Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown UniversityWashington, DCUSA
LOPA MISHRA
Veterans Affairs Medical CenterWashington, DCUSAlm229@georgetown.edu
FREDERICK JOHN MITCHELSON
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourne, VICAustraliafjmitc@unimelb.edu.au
UGO MOENS
University of Tromso, Department of Microbiology andVirologyInstitute of Medical Biology, University of TromsoTromsoNorwayugom@fagmed.uit.no
HANNAH MONYER
Abteilung Klinische NeurobiologieInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften (IZN)HeidelbergGermanymonyer@urz-hd.de
GREG B. G. MOORHEAD
Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgary, ABCanadamoorhead@ucalgary.ca
GEORGE MORSTYN
M A Foote Associates, Westlake Village, CA and Departmentof MicrobiologyMonash UniversityAustraliarmorstyn@bigpond.net.au
SHAKER A. MOUSA
Albany College of PharmacyAlbany, NYUSAmousas@acp.edu
K. S. MÜHLBERG
III. Medical DepartmentUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermanypasr@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
BARBARA MÜLLER
Abteilung VirologieUniversitätsklinikum HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanybarbara_mueller@med.uni-heidelberg.de
JUDITH M. MÜLLER
Universitäts-Frauenklinik und Zentrum für KlinischeForschung, Klinikum der Universität FreiburgFreiburgGermanyjudith.mueller@uniklinik-freiburg.de
MARTIN MÜLLER
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyMartin.Mueller@dkfz.de
ROLF MÜLLER
Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps-University MarburgGermanymueller@imt.uni-marburg.de
WERNER MÜLLER-ESTERL
University of Frankfurt Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermanywme@biochem2.de
xx List of Contributors
GERD MULTHAUP
Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermanymulthaup@biochemie.fu-berlin.de
NILDA M. MUÑOZ
Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicago, ILUSAnmunoz@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
LISA MUNTER
Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermanylisamuen@chemie.fu-berlin.de
TAKASHI MURAYAMA
Department of PharmacologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapantakashim@med.juntendo.ac.jp
CHRISTIAN NANOFF
Institut für Pharmakologie, and Christian Pifl, Zentrum fürHirnforschungMedizinische Universität WienAustriachristian.nanoff@meduniwien.ac.at
PAUL A. NEGULESCU
Vertex Pharmaceuticals IncorporatedSan Diego, CAUSApaul_negulescu@sd.vrtx.com
JENS NEUMEYER
Institut für Zellbiologie und ImmunologieUniversität StuttgartStuttgartGermanyjens.neumeyer@izi.uni-stuttgart.de
ALEXANDRA C. NEWTON
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CAUSAanewton@ucsd.edu
COLIN G. NICHOLS
Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MOUSAcnichols@wustl.edu
MICHAEL NILGES
Unité de Bio–Informatique StructuraleInstitut PasteurParisFrancenilges@pasteur.fr
DONATUS NOHR
Institute of Biological Chemistry and NutritionUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermanynohr@uni-hohenheim.de
HANS-PETER NOTHACKER
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine, CAUSAhnothack@uci.edu
ASTRID NOVOSEL
Children’s University Hospital, Department of PaediatricHaematology & Oncology & Clinical ImmunologyUniversität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermanyAstrid.Novosel@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
BERND NÜRNBERG
Universitätsklinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermanyBernd.Nuernberg@uni-duesseldorf.de
JAMES N. OAK
Centre for Addiction & Mental HealthUniversity of TorontoToronto, ONTCanadajames.oak@utoronto.ca
STEFAN OFFERMANNS
Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanystefan.offermanns@pharma.uni-heidelberg.de
YASUO OGAWA
Department of PharmacologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapanysogawa@med.juntendo.ac.jp
NATHAN D. OKERLUND
University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CAUSA
ALEXANDER OKSCHE
Mundipharma Research GmbHLimburgGermanyAlexander.oksche@mundipharma-rd.eu
GISELA OLIAS
Department of Molecular GeneticsGerman Institute of Human NutritionPotsdam-RehbrueckeNuthetalGermanyolias@mail.dife.de
List of Contributors xxi
LUKE A. J. O’NEILL
School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity College DublinIrelandlaoneill@tcd.ie
HARTMUT OSCHKINAT
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermanyoschkinat@fmp-berlin.de
RENÉ R. S. PACKARD
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department ofMedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MAUSArpackard@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
MATHIVANAN PACKIARAJAN
Lundbeck Research USAParamus, NJUSAmatp@lundbeck.com
CLIVE P. PAGE
Sackler Institute of Pulmonary PharmacologyKing’s College LondonLondonUKclive.page@kcl.ac.uk
RALPH PASCHKE
III. Medical DepartmentUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermanypasr@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
JÖRG PETERS
Physiologisches Institut der Universität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermanyjoerg.peters@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
ALEXANDER PFEIFER
University of BonnInstitute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBonnGermanyalexander.pfeifer@uni-bonn.de
JOSEF PFEILSCHIFTER
Pharmazentrum FrankfurtJohann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainGermanypfeilschifter@em.uni-frankfurt.de
JEAN-PHILIPPE PIN
Institut de Génomique FonctionnelleCNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661Universités de Montpellier 1&2MontpellierFrancejppin@igf.cnrs.fr
JANE A. PINAIRE
Lilly Research LaboratoriesEli Lilly and CompanyIndiana, INUSAjpinaire@lilly.com
SARAH L. PITKIN
Clinical Pharmacology UnitUniversity of CambridgeLevel 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’sHospitalCambridgeUK
ROBIN PLEVIN
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUKr.plevin@strath.ac.uk
EREZ PODOLY
The Life Sciences InstituteThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael
ANNEMARIE POLAK
F. Hoffmann-La Roche LtdAesch, BaselSwitzerlandannemarie.polak@bluemail.ch
YVES POMMIER
Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for CancerResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MDUSApommier@nih.gov
OLAF PONGS
Institut für Neurale Signalverarbeitung, Zentrum fürMolekulare Neurobiologie HamburgHamburgGermanypointuri@uke.uni-hamburg.de
BERND PÖTZSCH
Universitätsklinikum BonnBonnGermany
IRENE PUGA
Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NYUSA
JÖRG RADEMANN
Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermanyrademann@fmp-berlin.de
xxii List of Contributors
DANIEL J. RADER
Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PAUSArader@mail.med.upenn.edu
NEIL D. RAWLINGS
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust GenomeCampusHinxton, CambridgeshireUKndr@sanger.ac.uk
ERIC RAYMOND
Department of Medical OncologyBeaujon University HospitalClichy CedexFranceeric.raymond@bjn.ap-hop-paris.fr
HOLGER M. REICHARDT
Department of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermanyholger.reichardt@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
ANNE REIFEL-MILLER
Lilly Research LaboratoriesEli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolis, INUSAa.r.miller@lilly.com
RICHARD REIMER
Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford UniversityStanford, CAUSArjreimer@stanford.edu
CONSTANZE REINHARD
K.U.Leuven and VIBLeuvenBelgiumConstanze.Reinhard@med.kuleuven.be
YVONNE REISS
Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the MedicalFaculty MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg, and the German Cancer ResearchCenter (DKFZ)Mannheim and HeidelbergGermany
THOMAS RENNÉ
University of WürzburgWürzburgGermanythomas@renne.net
KLAUS RESCH
Institute of PharmacologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermanyResch.Klaus@MH-Hannover.de
ELKE ROEB
GastroenterologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGießenGermanyelke.roeb@innere.med.uni-giessen.de
HANS ROMMELSPACHER
Department of Clinical NeurobiologyUniversity Hospital Benjamin FranklinFree University BerlinBerlinGermanyhans.rommelspacher@medizin.fu-berlin.de
THOMAS C. ROOS
Reha Klinik Neuharlingersiel, Interdisciplinary Center forDermatology, Pneumology and AllergologyNeuharlingersielGermanyroos@rehaklinik-neuharlingersiel-klinik.de
WALTER ROSENTHAL
Institut für PharmakologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermanywalter.rosenthal@charite.de
ANA M. ROSSI
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeUKamr50@cam.ac.uk
BERNARD C. ROSSIER
Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie del’UniversitéLausanneSwitzerlandBernard.Rossier@unil.ch
UWE RUDOLPH
Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerlandrudolph@pharma.unizh.ch
GEORGE SACHS
David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los Angeles and VeteransAdministration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos Angeles, CAUSAgsachs@ucla.edu
List of Contributors xxiii
DAVID B. SACKS
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MAUSAdsacks@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
ANAN H. SAID
Laboratory of GI Developmental Biology, Department ofSurgeryMedicine & Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown UniversityWashington, DCUSA
EMANUELA SALVATORELLI
Department of Drug Sciences and Center of Excellence onAgingG. d’Annunzio University School of MedicineChietiItaly
BALÁZS SARKADI
Research Group of Membrane BiologyHungarian Academy of SciencesHungary
MICHAEL SCHAEFER
Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinPharmakologisches InstitutCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermanym.schaefer@charite.de
GEORGIOS SCHEINER-BOBIS
Institute of Biochemistry and EndocrinologyJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
LAURENT SCHILD
Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie del’UniversitéLausanneSwitzerlandLaurent.Schild@unil.ch
GUDULA SCHMIDT
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie undToxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgFreiburgGermanygudula.schmidt@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
ERIK BERG SCHMIDT
Odense University Hospital and Department of CardiologyAalborg HospitalDenmarkebs@dadlnet.dk
GERD SCHMITZ
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermanygerd.schmitz@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
JURGEN SCHNERMANN
National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MDUSAjurgens@intra.niddk.nih.gov
TORSTEN SCHÖNEBERG
Institut für Biochemie, Medizinische FakultätUniversität LeipzigLeipzigGermanyTorsten.Schoeneberg@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
WILHELM SCHONER
Institute of Biochemistry and EndocrinologyJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
ROLAND SCHÜLE
Universitäts-Frauenklinik und Zentrum für KlinischeForschung, Klinikum der Universität FreiburgFreiburgGermanyroland.schuele@uniklinik-freiburg.de
RALF SCHÜLEIN
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie BerlinGermanyschuelein@fmp-berlin.de
GÜNTER SCHULTZ
Charité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinPharmakologisches InstitutCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermanyguenter.schultz@charite.de
ANNETTE SCHÜRMANN
Department of PharmacologyGerman Institute of Human NutritionPotsdam-RehbrueckeGermanyschuermann@dife.de
CHRISTINA SCHWANSTECHER
Molekulare Pharmakologie und ToxikologieTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermanym.schwanstecher@tu-braunschweig.de
MATHIAS SCHWANSTECHER
Molekulare Pharmakologie und ToxikologieTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermanyM.Schwanstecher@tu-braunschweig.de
DIRK SCHWARZER
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermanyschwarzer_biochemie@email.de
xxiv List of Contributors
MARKUS JOACHIM SEIBEL
Bone Research ProgramANZAC Research Institute, The University of SydneyConcord, NSWAustraliamjs@anzac.edu.au
ROLAND SEIFERT
Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Regensburg, RegensburgGermanyroland.seifert@chemie.uni-regensburg.de
OLIVER SELBACH
Institute of NeurophysiologyHeinrich-Heine University, DüsseldorfGermanyselbach@uni-duesseldorf.de
KLAUS SEUWEN
Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSwitzerlandKlaus.seuwen@novartis.com
CHAR-CHANG SHIEH
Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, AbbottLaboratoriesAbbott Park, ILUSAchar-chang.shieh@abbott.com
JAI MOO SHIN
David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California at Los Angeles and VeteransAdministration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos Angeles, CAUSAjaishin@ucla.edu
KELLI E. SMITH
Lundbeck Research USAParamus, NJUSAkels@lundbeck.com
HERMONA SOREQ
The Life Sciences InstituteThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsraelsoreq@cc.huji.ac.il
NOEMI SOTO-NIEVES
Albert Einstein college of MedicineBronx, NYUSA
RAINER SPANAGEL
Central Institute of Mental HealthMannheimGermanyrainer.spanagel@zi-mannheim.de
ULRICH SPECK
Universitätsklinikum CharitéHumboldt-Universität BerlinBerlinGermanyulrich.speck@charite.de
ANDREAS STAHL
University of CaliforniaDepartment of Nutritional Science and ToxicologyBerkeley, CA 94720, USAandreas.stahl@berkeley.edu
RALF STAHLMANN
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und ToxikologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermanyralf.stahlmann@charite.de
KLAUS STARKE
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie undToxikologieUniversität FreiburgFreiburgGermanyKlaus.starke@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
ALESSANDRA STARLING
Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
WIM A. VAN DER STEEG
Department of Vascular MedicineAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlandsw.a.vandersteeg@amc.uva.nl
CHRISTOPH STEIN
Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative IntensivmedizinFreie Universität BerlinCharité CampusBenjamin FranklinBerlinGermanychristoph.stein@charite.de
CHRISTIAN STEINKÜHLER
IRBM – Merck Research LaboratoriesPomeziaItalyChristian_Steinkuhler@Merck.Com
JÖRG STRIESSNIG
Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmakologie undToxikologieLeopold-Franzens-Universität InsbruckInnsbruckAustriajoerg.striessnig@uibk.ac.at.
List of Contributors xxv
YUICHI SUGIYAMA
Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate Schoolof Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japansugiyama@mol.f.u-tokyo.ac.jp
GERGELY SZAKÁCS
Institute of EnzymologyHungarian Academy of Sciences
MARTA SZAMEL
Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School HannoverHannoverGermanyszamel.marta@mh-hannover.de
GRAZIA TAMMA
Department of General and Environmental PhysiologyUniversity of BariItaly
COLIN W. TAYLOR
Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeUKcwt1000@cam.ac.uk
PETER C. TAYLOR
The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty ofMedicineImperial College LondonLondon, UKpeter.c.taylor@imperial.ac.uk
ALVIN V. TERRY JRDepartments of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta, GAUSAaterry@mcg.edu
MARIE-CHRISTIN THISSEN
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Institut fürPharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieMünsterGermany
NOBORU TODA
Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Pharmacology ResearchOsakaJapann.toda.toyama-bldg@orion.ocn.ne.jp
ARIE VAN TOL
Department of Cell Biology & GeneticsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlandsa.vantol@erasmusmc.nl
CHRISTOPHE LE TOURNEAU
Department of Medical OncologyBeaujon University HospitalClichy CedexFrance
PAUL TRAYHURN
Obesity Biology Unit, Division of Metabolic and CellularMedicineUniversity of LiverpoolUKp.trayhurn@liverpool.ac.uk
JAN TUCKERMANN
Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz-Lipmann-InstituteJenaGermanyjan@fli-leibniz.de
STEFAN UHLIG
Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology andToxicologyUniversitäsklinikum AachenRWTH AachenGermanysuhlig@ukaachen.de
HUBERT H. M. VAN TOL
Centre for Addiction & Mental HealthUniversity of TorontoToronto, ONTCanadahubert.van.tol@utoronto.ca
PETER VANDENABEELE
Department for Molecular Biomedical ResearchVIBGhentBelgiumPeter.Vandenabeele@dmbr.ugent.be
UWE VINKEMEIER
Chair of Cell BiologyUniversity of Nottingham Medical SchoolSchool of Biomedical SciencesNottingham, NG7 2UHuwe.vinkemeier@nottingham.ac.uk
ANDRÁS VÁRADI
Institute of EnzymologyHungarian Academy of SciencesHungaryvaradi@enzim.hu
GIRISH VYAS
Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CAUSAgirish.vyas@ucsf.edu
KEITH WAFFORD
Lilly and Co. Eri Wood Manor WindlesshanSurreyUK
KEITH WAFFORD
Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research LaboratoriesHarlow, EssexUKkeith_wafford@merck.com
xxvi List of Contributors
HENNING WALCZAK
Department of Immunology, Division of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUKh.walczak@Dkfz-Heidelberg.de
MARY W. WALKER
Lundbeck Research USAParamus, NJUSAmmw@lundbeck.com
RUI WANG
Lakehead UniversityThunder Bay, ONTCanadarwang@lakeheadu.ca
THEODORE E. WARKENTIN
Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine ProgramHamilton Health Sciences, and Department of Pathologyand Molecular MedicineMichael G. DeGroote School of MedicalMcMaster UniversityHamilton, ONTCanadatwarken@mcmaster.ca
TANYA M. WATTERS
School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity College DublinIreland
DAVID J. WAXMAN
Division of Cell and Molecular BiologyDepartment of BiologyBoston UniversityBoston, MAUSAdjw@bu.edu
JÜRGEN WESS
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes ofHealth (NIDDK)Bethesda, MDUSAjwess@helix.nih.gov
BERND WIEDEMANN
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitätBonnGermanypharmic@t-online.de
IRITH WIEGAND
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitätBonnGermanyWiegand@uni-bonn.de
FELIX T. WIELAND
Biochemie-Zentrum HeidelbergUniversity HeidelbergHeidelbergGermanyfelix.wieland@bzh.uni-heidelberg.de
THOMAS E. WILLNOW
Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermanywillnow@mdc-berlin.de
SUSAN WONNACOTT
Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathUKbsssw@bath.ac.uk
THOMAS WORZFELD
Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
YOSEF YARDEN
Department of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsraelYosef.Yarden@weizmann.ac.il
MOUSSA B. H. YOUDIM
Technion-Rappaport Faculty of MedicineEva Topf Center of Excellence for NeurodegenerativeDiseasesDepartment of PharmacologyHaifaIsraelyoudim@tx.technion.ac.il
ULRICH M. ZANGER
Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of ClinicalPharmacologyStuttgartGermanyuli.zanger@ikp-stuttgart.de
MAYANA ZATZ
Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazilmayanazatz@uol.com.br
RAINER ZAWATZKY
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum HeidelbergGermanyr.zawatzky@dkfz.de
HONG ZHOU
Bone Research ProgramANZAC Research Institute, The University of SydneyConcord, NSWAustralia
List of Contributors xxvii
HEIKE ZIMDAHL
Boehringer IngelheimPharma GmbH & Co KGBiberachGermanyheike.zimdahl@bc.boehringer-ingelheim.com
RICHARD ZIMMERMANN
Medizinische Biochemie und MolekularbiologieUniversität des SaarlandesHomburgGermanybcrzim@uks.eu
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