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EMISSION STANDARDS IN EMISSION STANDARDS IN LIGHT AND HEAVY LIGHT AND HEAVY
VEHICLESVEHICLES
INTRODUCTION
bull Emission requirements in Europe since 1970bull US and some European countries (Sweden Norway and Austria) introduced firstbull Current emission regulate NOXHCCO amp PMbull Standards are represent by Euro amp followed by nobull For motorcycles amp mopeds and for engines of non road machinery
ROAD TRAFFICrsquoS SHARE OF EMISSION
EMISSION STANDARDS
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
TEST CYCLES
bull Emissions measured by standardized test cyclesbull For light vehicles in gKmbull For heavy vehicles in gkWhbull For light vehicles transient cyclebull Heavy vehicles both transient and stationary cyclebull ETCESCEuropean load response (ELR) Enhanced Environmentally vehicles(EEV)
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
bull Emission requirements in Europe since 1970bull US and some European countries (Sweden Norway and Austria) introduced firstbull Current emission regulate NOXHCCO amp PMbull Standards are represent by Euro amp followed by nobull For motorcycles amp mopeds and for engines of non road machinery
ROAD TRAFFICrsquoS SHARE OF EMISSION
EMISSION STANDARDS
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
TEST CYCLES
bull Emissions measured by standardized test cyclesbull For light vehicles in gKmbull For heavy vehicles in gkWhbull For light vehicles transient cyclebull Heavy vehicles both transient and stationary cyclebull ETCESCEuropean load response (ELR) Enhanced Environmentally vehicles(EEV)
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
ROAD TRAFFICrsquoS SHARE OF EMISSION
EMISSION STANDARDS
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
TEST CYCLES
bull Emissions measured by standardized test cyclesbull For light vehicles in gKmbull For heavy vehicles in gkWhbull For light vehicles transient cyclebull Heavy vehicles both transient and stationary cyclebull ETCESCEuropean load response (ELR) Enhanced Environmentally vehicles(EEV)
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EMISSION STANDARDS
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
TEST CYCLES
bull Emissions measured by standardized test cyclesbull For light vehicles in gKmbull For heavy vehicles in gkWhbull For light vehicles transient cyclebull Heavy vehicles both transient and stationary cyclebull ETCESCEuropean load response (ELR) Enhanced Environmentally vehicles(EEV)
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
TEST CYCLES
bull Emissions measured by standardized test cyclesbull For light vehicles in gKmbull For heavy vehicles in gkWhbull For light vehicles transient cyclebull Heavy vehicles both transient and stationary cyclebull ETCESCEuropean load response (ELR) Enhanced Environmentally vehicles(EEV)
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
TEST CYCLES
bull Emissions measured by standardized test cyclesbull For light vehicles in gKmbull For heavy vehicles in gkWhbull For light vehicles transient cyclebull Heavy vehicles both transient and stationary cyclebull ETCESCEuropean load response (ELR) Enhanced Environmentally vehicles(EEV)
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EUROPEAN TRANSIENT CYCLE(ETC)
bull FIGE transient cyclebull Road cycle measurement of heavy duty
vehiclesbull 3 parts ndash urban rural motorway driving ndash
total 1800s ndash each 600s
1 city driving max speed 50 kmhr frequent starts stops and idling
2 rural driving starting with a steep acceleration segment (avg-72kmhr)
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
CONTDhellip
3 Motorway driving with average speed of about 88 kmh
bull The cycle in two variants
a) As a chassis and
b) An engine dynamometer test
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE(ESC)
bull Emission certification of heavy duty diesel engine
bull Engine is tested on dynamometer over steady state modes
bull The specified speed held within plusmn50 rpm and the specified torque held within plusmn2 of max torque
bull final results in gkWh
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
LIGHT VEHICLES
bull Road vehicles under 35 tonne (both passenger cars amp commercial vehicles)
bull Auto-oil-programbull Emission control increased the quality of fuel
(eg sulphur-150ppm to 10ppm within 2009)
bull NOX is controlled in PVbull Particulates are controlled in DV
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EU STANDARDS FOR LIGHT VEHICLES
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
HEAVY VEHICLES
bull Vehicles heavier than 35tonnesbull EuroI-1992EuroII-1995EuroIII-2000 EuroIV-
2005EuroV-2008bull Main difference bw Euro IV and Euro Vbull Environmentally friendly vehicles
as well as for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) enhanced it
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EU STANDARDS FOR HEAVY VEHICLES
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
FUTURE EMISSION STANDARDS
bull Motor Vehicle Emissions Group Commissionbull German Environment agency (UBA) published
new proposal for ES- Passenger cars
1 Emission requirements should be fuel-neutral 2 Particulate requirement should be strengthen
by a factor 10 3 NOX strengthen by a factor of 3 4 Summation value for NOx + HC replaced with
an HC limit
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
CONTDhellip
Heavy vehicles- 1 Fuel-neutral requirements 2 Particulate standards for 2008 3 NOx requirement for 2008 are halved amp then
halved again in 2010bull Current weight-based standards with
maximum no of particles within size rangebull Tax incentives to vehicles that comply with
requirements
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
FACTFILEEMISSION CONTROL Petrol-driven passenger cars bull Emission consist of NOX and unburnt HCbull Three-way catalytic convertorbull 300-400rsquoC to start the catalytic convertor
Diesel-driven carsbull Nitrogen oxidesbull Particulatesbull Combined methods
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
POPULAR EMISSION CONTROL DEVICES
bull HC as a result of vaporization of gasolinebull Clean air act in 1977bull Feedback fuel control systembull Oxygen sensors in exhaust
bull Some of the popular emission control system are explained
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
CATALYTIC CONVERTOR
Flash
bull It oxidize CO amp HC using palladium amp platinum as catalyst separating oxygen than adding bull It cannot operate in presence of lead bull Industrial application to avoid harmful emissionsbull Ideal byproducts of automobile engine are CO2 H2O and some N2
bull Standard subcomponents of catalytic oxidizers include a line burner catalyst bed and heat exchanger
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
PCV VALVEbull Take vapors from crankcasebull Recirculation of air through crankcasebull Dilute airfuel mixturebull Increase life of oil and enginebull life of valve and filter is around 30000 to 50000 milesbull If the valve or system is clogged it will create engine oil leak
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EGR VALVE
bull Reduce emissions of oxides of N2 (1972)bull How oxides of nitrogen formedbull Thought of a fire extinguisher to cool the
combustion chamberbull How CO2 amp water (plus zillion other noxious
chemicals) cool combustion chamber amp prevent the formation of NOX
bull External EGR and Internal EGR valve
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EVAPORATIVE CONTROLSbull To dispose of fuel vapors created in fuel systembull Improper operation may cause rich driveabilitybull Maintain stable fuel tank pressurebull Due to evaporation fuel vapors are createdbull Stored vapor fuel is added to the incoming
airfuel mixture
bull
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
AIR INJECTION
bull The air injection system supplies air to the exhaust stream to promote additional burning of exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons (abbreviated as HC) and carbon monoxide (abbreviated as CO) bull catalytic converter to further reduce HC CO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) a major contributor to photochemical smog
AIR INJECTION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
TURBOCHARGER
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
TURBOCHARGER
bull Itrsquos a part of advanced clean diesel system bull Increase diesel efficiencybull What is a turbochargerbull How common rail direct injection and
turbocharging increases
efficiencybull Turbochargers and
advanced
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
ABOUT BHARAT STANDARDS
bull Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) decided to implement Bha-III
bull The gasoline vehicles were being tested for idle carbon monoxide emission and diesel vehicles for free acceleration smoke
bull Four metrosmdash Mumbai Kolkata Chennai New Delhi mdash and the mini metros mdash Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Surat Kanpur and Agra
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EURO STANDARDS FOR PETROL CARS
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EURO STANDARDS FOR DIESEL CARS
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
EURO vsUSJAPAN STANDARDS
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
MERCEDES-BENZ BIONIC CAR
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
TECHNICAL DATA
bull Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz concept carbull Intake system Common-rail direct injection
particulate filter Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
bull Engine 4-cylinder Diesel enginebull Horsepower 140 hpbull Torque 300 Nm 1600 ndash 3000 rpmbull Transmission AUTOTRONIC continuously
variable automatic transmission
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
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