View
11
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
������������� ���
����������� ���
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging Infectious Emerging Infectious DiseasesDiseases
RenRenéé GottschalkGottschalk
Competence Center Highly Infectious DiseasesCompetence Center Highly Infectious DiseasesState of State of HesseHesse
������������� ���
����������� ���
Quelle: APQuelle: AP
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
≈≈ 4.500 4.500 yearsyears
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������ ���
Emerging Infectious DiseasesEmerging Infectious Diseases• Pathogens that had never before infected humans
Ebola-VirusHIVInfluenza A Virus SubtypesSARS-CoV
• Pathogens spreading into new geographical areasWest Nile-Virus
• Newly discovered pathogens causing previously known diseases
Kaposi Sarcoma associated Herpes-Virus
• Pathogens with increasing significance due to increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients
Cytomegaly-Virus
• Pathogens causing increasing numbers of infectionsDengue-Virus
• Re-emerging pathogensYersinia pestis (Plague)Smallpox-Virus ???
• Pathogens that had never before infected humansEbola-VirusHIVInfluenza A Virus SubtypesSARS-CoV
• Pathogens spreading into new geographical areasWest Nile-Virus
• Newly discovered pathogens causing previously known diseases
Kaposi Sarcoma associated Herpes-Virus
• Pathogens with increasing significance due to increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients
Cytomegaly-Virus
• Pathogens causing increasing numbers of infectionsDengue-Virus
• Re-emerging pathogensYersinia pestis (Plague)Smallpox-Virus ???
������������� ���
����������� ���
Emerging Infectious DiseasesEmerging Infectious Diseases
Quelle: The Journal of Clinical Investigation Volume 113 Number 6 March 2004 ������������� ���
����������� ���
Worldwide Distribution ofViral-Hemorrhagic FeverWorldwide Distribution ofViral-Hemorrhagic Fever
Yellow-FeverJunin-FeverMachupo-FeverSabia-FeverHanta-FeverDengue-Fever
YellowYellow--FeverFeverJuninJunin--FeverFeverMachupoMachupo--FeverFeverSabiaSabia--FeverFeverHantaHanta--FeverFeverDengueDengue--FeverFever
Hanta-FeverHantaHanta--FeverFeverHanta-FeverCrimean-Congo-FeverHantaHanta--FeverFeverCrimeanCrimean--CongoCongo--FeverFever
Dengue-FeverHanta-FeverCrimean-Congo-Fever
DengueDengue--FeverFeverHantaHanta--FeverFeverCrimeanCrimean--CongoCongo--FeverFever
Rift Valley-FeverLassa-FeverEbola-FeverYellow-FeverCrimean-Congo-FeverDengue-Fever
RiftRift ValleyValley--FeverFeverLassaLassa--FeverFeverEbolaEbola--FeverFeverYellowYellow--FeverFeverCrimeanCrimean--CongoCongo--FeverFeverDengueDengue--FeverFever
������������� ���
����������� ���
YearYear EmergingEmerging AgentAgent
2XXX2XXX
YearYear EmergingEmerging AgentAgent
19691969 LassaLassa--VirusVirus
CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium parvumparvum
LegionellaLegionella pneumoniapneumonia
EbolaEbola--VirusVirus
19771977 CampylobacterCampylobacter jejunijejuni
19801980 Human Human TT--LymphotropicLymphotropic--VirusVirus
EscherichiaEscherichia colicoli O157:H7O157:H7
BorreliaBorrelia burgdorferiburgdorferi
HTLV2HTLV2--VirusVirus
19831983 Human Human ImmundeficiencyImmundeficiency--VirusVirus
Hepatitis EHepatitis E--VirusVirus
Human HerpesHuman Herpes--Virus 6Virus 6
19891989 Hepatitis CHepatitis C--VirusVirus
19881988
19761976
19821982
19911991 GuanaritoGuanarito--VirusVirus
19921992 VibrioVibrio choleracholera O139O139
19931993 SinSin NombreNombre--VirusVirus
SabiaSabia--VirusVirus
HendraHendra--VirusVirus
19951995 Kaposi Kaposi SarcomaSarcoma Virus (HHV8)Virus (HHV8)
CreutzfeldCreutzfeld--JakobJakob--DiseaseDisease
Australien Bat Australien Bat LyssaLyssa--VirusVirus
19971997 AvianAvian FluFlu (H5N1)(H5N1)--VirusVirus
19991999 NipahNipah--VirusVirus
20022002 GarissaGarissa--VirusVirus
20032003 SARSSARS--CoVCoV
19941994
19961996
������������� ���
����������� ���
• 09/94 CH Côte d'Ivoire Ebola (EBO-CI) f, 34• 04/96 CH Brazil Yellowfever m, 53 †• 09/97 D Ghana Lassafever m, 37 †• 12/97 GB Zimbabwe Crimean-Congo HF f, 78 †• 08/99 D Côte d'Ivoire Yellowfever m, 40 †• 01/00 D Ghana, Burkina Lassafever f, 23 †
Faso, Côte d'Ivoire• 03/00 GB Sierra Leone Lassafever m, 50 †• 03/00 D Nigeria Lassafever m, 57 †• 06/00 NL Sierra Leone Lassafever m, 48 †• 12/00 D Kenya HSV-1 m, 47 †• 07/01 - Kosovo Crimean-Congo HF 69, 6 †• 07/03 RUS Russia Crimean-Congo HF 14, 2 †• 04/05 I Angola Marburg Fever (susp.)
•• 09/9409/94 CHCH Côte Côte d'Ivoired'Ivoire Ebola (EBOEbola (EBO--CI) CI) f, 34f, 34•• 04/9604/96 CHCH BrazilBrazil YellowfeverYellowfever m, 53 m, 53 ††•• 09/9709/97 DD GhanaGhana LassafeverLassafever m, 37 m, 37 ††•• 12/9712/97 GBGB ZimbabweZimbabwe CrimeanCrimean--CongoCongo HF HF ff, 78 , 78 ††•• 08/9908/99 DD Côte Côte d'Ivoired'Ivoire YellowfeverYellowfever m, 40 m, 40 ††•• 01/0001/00 DD Ghana, BurkinaGhana, Burkina LassafeverLassafever f, 23 f, 23 ††
Faso, Côte Faso, Côte d'Ivoired'Ivoire•• 03/0003/00 GBGB Sierra LeoneSierra Leone LassafeverLassafever m, 50 m, 50 ††•• 03/0003/00 DD NigeriaNigeria LassafeverLassafever m, 57 m, 57 ††•• 06/0006/00 NLNL Sierra LeoneSierra Leone LassafeverLassafever m, 48 m, 48 ††•• 12/0012/00 DD KenyaKenya HSVHSV--1 1 m, 47 m, 47 ††•• 07/0107/01 -- KosovoKosovo CrimeanCrimean--CongoCongo HF HF 69, 6 69, 6 ††•• 07/0307/03 RUSRUS RussiaRussia CrimeanCrimean--CongoCongo HF HF 14, 2 14, 2 ††•• 04/0504/05 II AngolaAngola Marburg Marburg FeverFever (susp.)(susp.)
Imported Cases of VHF in EuropeImported Cases of VHF in Europe
������������� ���
����������� ���
LassaLassa
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
Marburg-/EbolavirusMarburg-/Ebolavirus
������������� ���
����������� ���
Marburg-Virus 1967Marburg-Virus 1967
������������� ���
����������� ���
EbolaEbola
������������� ���
����������� ���
EbolaEbola
������������� ���
����������� ���
Case Fatality RatesEbola-/Marburg-Epidemics
Case Fatality RatesEbola-/Marburg-Epidemics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
5353
Sudan1976
8888
Zaire1976
6565
Sudan1979
9292
Zaire1995
7070
Gabun1996
CFR
(%)
SourceSource: WHO: WHO
5353
Uganda2001
8989
DRC2002
8383
DRC2003
9292
Angola2005
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
West Nile Virus (WNV)West Nile Virus (WNV)
������������� ���
����������� ���
West Nile Virus in the United States, 1999 - 2002
������������� ���
����������� ���
West Nile Virus in the United States, 2002
������������� ���
����������� ���
West Nile Virus in the United States, 2004
������������� ���
����������� ���
Quelle: The Journal of Clinical Investigation Volume 113 Number 8 April 2004
WNV: TransmissionWNV: Transmission
������������� ���
����������� ���CulexCulex restuansrestuans
CulexCulex pipienspipiens
AedesAedes vexansvexans
19991999
������������� ���
����������� ���
AedesAedes vexansvexansCulex Culex pipienspipiensCx Cx restuansrestuans
19991999
AeAe vexansvexansAnopheles Anopheles punctipennispunctipennis
CxCx pipienspipiensCulisetaCuliseta melanuramelanura
OchlerotatusOchlerotatus cantatorcantatorOcOc japonicusjaponicusOcOc triseriatustriseriatus
PsorophoraPsorophora feroxferox
20002000
AeAe albopictusalbopictusAeAe cinereuscinereusAeAe vexansvexans
An An punctipennispunctipennisAn An quadrimaculatusquadrimaculatus
CoquillettidiaCoquillettidia perturbansperturbansCxCx nigripalpusnigripalpus
CxCx pipienspipiensCxCx quinquefasciatusquinquefasciatus
CxCx restuansrestuansCxCx salinariussalinariusCs Cs melanuramelanura
OcOc canadensiscanadensisOcOc cantatorcantator
OcOc japonicusjaponicusOcOc sollicitanssollicitansOcOc trivattatustrivattatus
OrthopodomyiaOrthopodomyia signiferasigniferaPsPs columbiaecolumbiae
PsPs feroxferoxUranotaeniaUranotaenia sapphirinasapphirina
20012001
AeAe aegyptiaegyptiAeAe albopictusalbopictus
AeAe vexansvexansAn An atroposatroposAn An barberibarberi
An An crucianscrucians//bradleyibradleyiAn An punctipennispunctipennis
An An quadrimaculatusquadrimaculatusAn An walkeriwalkeri
CqCq perturbansperturbansCxCx erraticuserraticus
CxCx nigripalpusnigripalpusCxCx pipienspipiens
CxCx quinquefasciatusquinquefasciatusCxCx restuansrestuansCxCx salinariussalinariusCxCx tarsalistarsalisCxCx territansterritansCs Cs inornatainornata
Cs Cs melanuramelanuraDeinoceritesDeinocerites cancercancer
OcOc atropalpusatropalpusOcOc atlanticusatlanticus//tormentortormentor
OcOc canadensiscanadensisOcOc cantatorcantator
OcOc japonicusjaponicusOcOc sollicitanssollicitans
OcOc taeniorhynchustaeniorhynchusOcOc triseriatustriseriatusOcOc trivattatustrivattatusOrOr signiferasignifera
PsPs ciliataciliataPsPs columbiaecolumbiae
PsPs feroxferoxUr Ur sapphirinasapphirina
20022002
AeAe aegyptiaegyptiAeAe albopictusalbopictusAeAe cinereuscinereusAeAe vexansvexansAn An atroposatroposAn An barberibarberi
An An crucianscrucians//bradleyibradleyiAn An punctipennispunctipennis
An An quadrimaculatusquadrimaculatusAn An walkeriwalkeri
CqCq perturbansperturbansCxCx erraticuserraticus
CxCx nigripalpusnigripalpusCxCx pipienspipiens
CxCx quinquefasciatusquinquefasciatusCxCx restuansrestuansCxCx salinariussalinariusCxCx tarsalistarsalisCxCx territansterritansCs Cs inornatainornataCs Cs melanuramelanuraDe De cancercancer
OcOc atropalpusatropalpusOcOc atlanticusatlanticus//tormentortormentor
OcOc canadensiscanadensisOcOc cantatorcantatorOcOc dorsalisdorsalis
OcOc infirmatusinfirmatusOcOc fitchiifitchii
OcOc japonicusjaponicusOcOc provocansprovocansOcOc sollicitanssollicitansOcOc sticticussticticus
OcOc stimulansstimulansOcOc taeniorhynchustaeniorhynchus
OcOc triseriatustriseriatusOcOc trivattatustrivattatusOrOr signiferasignifera
PsPs ciliataciliataPsPs columbiaecolumbiae
PsPs feroxferoxPsPs howardiihowardii
Ur Ur sapphirinasapphirina
20032003
������������� ���
����������� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
MonkeypoxMonkeypox
������������� ���
����������� ���
MonkeypoxMonkeypox
������������� ���
����������� ���
Ultimately, whenever novel infectious agents Ultimately, whenever novel infectious agents appear suddenly, it is probably inevitable that appear suddenly, it is probably inevitable that
there will be speculations and rumors: that there will be speculations and rumors: that they were designed in they were designed in biowarfarebiowarfare laboratories laboratories
or emerged from biomedical research (as or emerged from biomedical research (as was argued for HIV), that they came from was argued for HIV), that they came from
space (as suggested for SARS), or that they space (as suggested for SARS), or that they represent a bioterrorist attack. However, represent a bioterrorist attack. However,
reality is more banal but nevertheless painful: reality is more banal but nevertheless painful: Nature itself is the best bioreactor for Nature itself is the best bioreactor for
apocalyptic biological agents and, through apocalyptic biological agents and, through evolution, has at the same time developed evolution, has at the same time developed the best defense strategies against themthe best defense strategies against them……
Gottschalk & Preiser 2005Gottschalk & Preiser 2005
������������� ���
����������� ���
�� ���
������������� ���
����������� ���
Contact:ContactContact::
rene.gottschalk@stadtrene.gottschalk@stadt--frankfurt.defrankfurt.de
Recommended