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Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for Libya Water
and Sanitation Institutions
January 2017, Tunis
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Introduction
Objective The main objective of the excercise is to get a common and shared understanding of Emergency
Preparedness and Response planning processes and untimatly to come up with the first draft of WASH
emergency preparedness and response plan for Libya
Methodology of Emergency Response Plan The Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan has been initiated during the WASH Workshop that
was held on 8 and 9th of January 2017. UNICEF, with the cooperation of the Libya Minstry of Planning,
convineed the workshop in Tunis and discussed the needs and challenges of Water and Sanitation
Situation in Libya. The workshop brought together relevant technical departments from Libya
authorities including the Ministry of Planning, National Center of Disease Control, Man Made River
Project, General Company for Water and Wastewater, and National Institute of Water Resources, who
are in charge of the supply of water and sanitation services across Libya.
The methodology of developing Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan included understanding
the response essentials; Needs assessment and analysis; Strategic planning for the top Identified
hazards; Important cross-cutting considerations; and Advocacy. Following a presentation about
understanding the response essentials, representatives from General Water Resources Authority,
Man-Made River Project, Desalination Company, Environmental Authority, and National Center for
Disease Control presented the needs and gaps of the water and sanitation services in Libya (See
Annex1: List of Attendees). Through group work discussions, 7 hazards have been identified and
strategic planning was done for the top 6 hazards. Further, cross-cutting issues and advocacy points
have been identified through plenary discussion.
Understanding the Response Essentials In order to guide the development of the Emergency Response Plan, the key steps and processes has
been presented by UNICEF based on the below diagram.
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Need Assessment and Analysis1 Libya is considered as one of the most water-scarce countries with renewable water amount of 108 cubic meter per person per year (the threshold is 1000 cubic meter per person per year). Libya depend 97% on ground water sources and the remaining 3% is abstracted from other sources such as surface water, desalination, and treated waste water. About 78% of water uses in Libya is allocated for agriculture, 10% for industrial, and only 12% for domestic uses. It is estimated that drinking water needs will increase from 650 cubic million at present to more than 860 cubic million by 2025. The whole population of Libya mainly get drinking water from three sources: Man Made River, Desalination Plants, and Local Wells. Information from General Water Resources Authority indicated that the man made river project provides more than 60% of the water needs in Libya, while 10% is provided through water treatment /desalination system, and 30% by private wells. These water sources are managed by two companies: General Company for Water and Wastewater, and Desalination Company. All three service providers (MMRP, GCWW and the desalination plants) fall under the General Water Resources Authority (see annex 2: Institutional Structure and annex 3: background information about Water and Sanitation Institutions in Libya).
Main Challenges of Water and Sanitation Sector
As part of need analyses, key water and sanitation institutions present the current situation of water
and the challenges and
The deteriorating security situation resulted in damage on significant part of the system infrastructure and equipment. The prevailing political and security situation discontinued previously planned assistance / cooperation projects.
Aging and worn out of distribution pipes, fittings, equipment resulting loss of around 35% water. Most pumping stations and treatment plants are currently in a poor technical condition.
Lack of financial resources, equipment, spare parts resulted in delay in the implementation of remedial and corrective maintenance services at the pumping stations, especially in those projects that have been contracted since quite some time.
Failure to ensure stability and safety of operation of the water and sanitation system due to unstable supply of power especially to the electric desalination plants.
In adequate support by the commercial banks and the Central Bank of Libya to facilitate financial transactions for importation of water related equipment and spare parts
Departure of water contractors from the country affecting the level of expertise to maintain the system
Lack of systematic and independent mechanism for collection of revenue from water and sanitation services.
Non-existence of technical capacity building plan for the water and sanitation sector.
Disposal of waste water near to intake of some desalination plants.
Most of the waste water is disposed into the sea without prior treatment. Only 10 out of 24 wastewater treatment plants are currently partially functional
Non-existence of water quality monitoring mechanism
Displaced persons (IDPs) further stretched the already constrained water and sanitation services in some of the worst affected areas
In light of the huge challenges mentioned above, it is evident that the water and sanitation system in Libya is at the verge of collapse unless immediate measure is taken by the relevant body.
1 Extracted from presentations during the UNICEF-Libyan Water and Sanitations workshop organized in Tunis (8-9 Jan 2017)
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Hazard/ Situation Analysis The most like scenarios/ conditions that may happen and affect the life and wellbeing of a large of a
large group of people in Libya:
Situation 1: Partial or total interruption of water supply due to lack of operation and maintenance of Man Made River Project affecting 3.8 million people
Situation 2: Partial or total interruption of water supply due to lack of operation and maintenance of Desalination systems affecting 1.4 million people
Situation 3: Damage to wastewater networks in Tripoli and Benghazi affecting 750,000 people
Situation 4: Damage to sanitation pumping systems in Sabha and Tubruk affecting 135,000 people
Situation 5: Disruption to Sewer treatment plant in Misrata affecting 230,000 people
Situation 6: Disruption of Waste treatment ponds (Lagoons) in Sabha and Tripoli affecting 95,000 people
Situation 7: Partial interruption of water supply due to lack of operation and maintenance of local wells managed by General Company of Water and Wastewater affecting 2 million people
Using the probability/ Impact analysis chart, all the above mentioned situations except situation -7,
are rated as high probability of happening with an impact on high number of population as indicated
in the table below.
Probability /Likelihood
Low Medium High
Impact /consequence
High Situation # 1, 2,3,4,5,6
Medium Scenario 7
Low
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Strategic Planning for the Top Identified Situations/Hazards
Situation # 1: Partial or total interruption of water supply due to lack of operation and maintenance of Man Made River Project affecting 3.8 million people
Lack of operation and maintenance Description of situation
Partial or total failure of the distribution system. This has happened in 2011
Trend analysis
Phase I: Jalo - Bengahzi- - Ajdbya – Sirt; Phase II: Tawrgha to Tripoli - Beni Walid to Garhian
Geographical Location
3.8 million people will be affected; displacement of people may occur
Humanitarian consequences (number of people affected, displacement etc)
3.8 million people Planning figure Delay of budget allocations and continued freezing of MMRP account
Early Warning Triggers
Human Resources Response essentials
Spare Parts, monitoring systems
Technical Support
50 Million USD (out of the 200 million LYD annual budget)
Situation # 2: Partial or total interruption of water supply due to lack of operation and maintenance of desalination systems affecting 1.4 million people
Operation and maintenance Description of situation
Partial or total failure of desalination plants Trend analysis
coastal areas (from Tubrak to Zwara) Geographical Location
1.4 million people Humanitarian consequences (number of people affected, displacement etc)
600,000 people Planning figure
Delay of essential budget allocations to continue operation of the plants
Early Warning Triggers
Human Resources Response essentials
Spare parts, pumps, fuel, generators, borehole operation
Technical support
20million USD
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Situation # 3: Damage to wastewater networks in Tripoli and Benghazi affecting 750,000 people
Description of Situation Damage of sewerage systems and networks
Trend analysis Frequent record
Geographical location Tripoli and Benghazi
Humanitarian consequences (number of people affected, displacement etc)
750,000 people
Planning figure 270, 000 people
Early warning triggers Heavy rainfall particularly in winter
Response essentials Human Resources
Supplies: PVC pipes
Partnerships
Financial resources 2,500,000 USD (PVC pipes and installation – 2,000,000, 500,000 pumps)
Situation # 4: Damage to sanitation pumping systems in Sabha and Tubruk affecting 135,000 people
Description of hazard Shutdown of pump stations
Trend analysis Frequent record due to poor maintenance
Geographical location Sabha and Tubruk
Humanitarian consequences (number of people affected, displacement etc)
135,000 people
Planning figure 60,000 people
Early warning triggers Sabha is out of service, Tubruk will be stopped in one month unless immediate action is taken
Response essentials Human Resources
Supplies: Submersible pumps and accessories
Partnerships
Financial resources: 2,000,000 USD
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Situation # 5: Disruption to sewer treatment plant in Misrata affecting 230,000 people
Description of hazard Shutdown of wastewater treatment plants
Trend analysis Frequent record
Geographical location Misrata, and Gryan
Humanitarian consequences ( number of people affected, displacement etc)
230,000 people
Planning figure 30,000 people
Early warning triggers Gryan stopped, Misrata within two months
Response essentials Human Resources
Supplies: pumps, spare parts, and electro-mechanical tools and accessories
Partnerships private sectors
Financial resources: 6,000,000 USD (pumps – 4,000,000; spare-parts and mechanical accessories – 2000000)
Situation # 6: Disruption of waste treatment ponds (lagoons) in Sabha and Tripoli affecting 95,000 people
Description of hazard Lagoon
Trend analysis frequent
Geographical location Sabha and Tripoli
Humanitarian consequences (number of people affected, displacement etc)
95,000 people
Planning figure 30,000 people
Early warning triggers Heavy rainfall
Response essentials Human Resources
Supplies: De-watering pumps, bulldozer
Partnerships, private contractors
Financial resources: 1,750,000 USD (Dewatering pumps – 750000 + Contractor – 1000000USD
The total budget required to run the most essential Water and Sanitation Services is about
82,000,000 USD
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Advocacy Points
1. Immediate operation and maintenance budget has to be provided by the government to water
supply institutions, otherwise:
about 3.9 million people in Libya will be affected as a result of failure in Man Made
River;
about 0.6 million people will be affected as a result of failure in Desalination systems;
about 1 million people will be affected as a result of failure in water systems (wells)
managed by the General Company for Water and Wastewater;
2. All parties in the conflict has to protect the 3 main sources of water supply to ensure continuity
of services.
3. The government has to allocate sufficient humanitarian resources to Municipalities:
to provide adequate quantity of safe water to the vulnerable populations including
Internally Displaced people, returnees, and migrants
to ensure safe and adequate water and sanitation facilities are provided in schools
and health centers
4. Central Bank of Libya has to facilitate the procurement of goods requested by water and
sanitation institutions by issuing letter of credit and other relevant financial transactions
5. The donor community has to support the Water and Sanitation Institutions to ensure the most
essential operation are carried out regularly
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Annex 1: List of Participants
Phone Email Position, Foundation Name S/N
0913844268 abenidris@yahoo.com Member of the
Administrative
Committee in MMRP
Abd Allah Mohamad Ben
Edris
1-
0913796676 darratmo@yahoo.com Consultant in MMRP Mohamad Ahmad Duraat 2-
0918787548 amohsen65@yahoo.com General Director of the
General Management of
Maintenance and
Operation
Abd Almuhsen Abd
Almoula
3-
0945986124 Ramadanh1966@yahoo.com General Director of
General Company for
Water Desalination
Ramdan Ali Abosinia 4-
0913751060 Esam_planing@yahoo.com Director of Technical
Cooperation Office in
MoP
Esam Garba
5-
0924377534 Moataz_saleh@hotmail.com Employee in TCO \ MoP Mouataz Alshikhi
6-
0914000023 Ibrahim668899@gmail.com Employee of the TCO \
MoP
Ebrahim Abohager
7-
0912133736 gwalibya@hotmail.com Hydrogeological \ Former
Secretary of the General
Authority for water
Omar Emhemed Salem
8-
0912190690 hadihenshir@yahoo.co.uk Former Minister of Water
Resources
Elhadi Soliman Elhanshir
9-
0913714099 Anaas_78@yahoo.com
Director of Planning and
Follow-up Department at
the General Authority of
Water Resources
Anas Aboalghasem
Mohamad
10-
0925851696 A3tomi@yahoo.com Director of Human
Resources Development
in General Authority for
Mohamad Altoumi Ali
11-
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Water Resources
Management
0925452838 salemabdallah56@gmail.com Head of the Department
of Water Studies \
General Authority for
Water
Abd Allah Mohamad Ali
12-
0914568543 salahZRiGi@yahoo.com Assistant Chairman of
the Department of
Management and setup
Salah Eldin Gumaa
Mahmud
13-
0914588755 Eng.alg.khalil@gmail.com Director of Planning and
Studies Department of
GCWW
Khalil Mustafa Mohamad
14-
0913277908 Bash_nwer@yahoo.com Professor - Faculty of
Agriculture \ Tripoli
University
Bashir Nwer
15-
0925126574 mbugalia@yahoo.com Director of Health Protection Department \ National Center for Disease Control
Mohamad Abo ghalia
16-
092224748 dowkhalifa@gmail.com
Former director of
Authority environmental
sanitation experts Office
Mohamad Dow Khalifa
17-
0910717446 Motamed228480@yahoo.com Chairman of
Management Council in
General Company for
water and sanitation in
Libya
Mouatamed Ali Alsanusi 18-
0927348133 Ezzidden2010@gmail.com Director of International
Cooperation Office \
General Authority for
Water Resources
Ezaldin Abosriwil
19-
0926044598 solabboud@yahoo.co.uk
Director of awareness
and information of water
management in the
General Authority of
Water Resources
Soliman MOusa Aboud 20-
0925156533 R.albreaky@gmail.com Technical Cooperation
Office TCO - MoP
Rafik Albarki 21-
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Annex 2: Organizational Structure of Water and Sanitation
General Water
Resources Authority
General Company for Water
and Wastewater
Information and
Documentation Center
Man-Made River Project
Desalination company
General Water Authority
Water Research Center
Regional Centre for
Management of Shared
Ground Water
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Annex 3: Background information about main Water and Sanitation Institutions
1. General Water Resources Authority: Overall responsible for management of water and
wastewater sector in Libya through the optimum utilization of water sources (Man Made river
project Desalination, General Company for Water and Wastewater. The authority is also
responsible for construction and maintenance of dams. The head quarter of the authority is
based in Tripoli.
2. General Company for Water and Wastewater: GCWW is functioning at district level and
mandated to overall management of water/wastewater distribution, operation and
maintenance The company provides about 30% of the water needs for consumers in the
country. The number of employees by approximately 16,000 staffs in all administrative
divisions. The company has 12 general divisions in 8 regions with 40 services office and 158
service center. The company implements plans and programs related to operation and
maintenance to water and sewage systems. The company distributes water to all regions of
Libya, estimated at about 1,809,660 m3 / day. The head quarter of the company is based in
Tripoli.
3. Man Made River Project: Provides more than 60% of the water needs of consumers in the
country. Currently the project produced water more than 2.2 million cubic meters (900
thousand cubic liters from the wells of Assrir and Tazirbu, and about 1.3 million of Sahel
Alhassaonh and Aljafarah system). For the operation and maintenance of these systems,
adequate national trained and qualified manpower in various engineering and technical,
financial and administrative exist. The head quarter of the MMRP is based in Benghazi.
4. Desalination Company: The company provides about 10% of the water needs for consumers in the country. Presently there are 8 functional desalination plants along the coastal areas. The desalination plants, even if to a smaller scale, also play a critical role to supply water to several coastal towns either to complement the GMMR supply or as the only source of drinking water as is the case, for example, for example the cities of Tobruk (east) and Zawara (west). The head quarter of the company is based in Benghazi.
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