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EmergencyFirst Aid and CPR
EmergencyFirst Aid and CPR
NOTICENOTICE
• This presentation is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care or First Aid and CPR/AED training
• Always ask permission to treat
• Permission is implied if victim is unconscious or an unaccompanied minor
Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions
• Use barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure
• Treat everyone as if contagious
Emergency First Aid – Take ActionEmergency First Aid – Take Action
If you are the first person at the scene of an accident or severe illness, you may be called to act in providing care until professional emergency medical care arrives.
Make sure the scene is safe!
• CHECK• CALL• CARE
Emergency – No Life SignsEmergency – No Life Signs
Call 911 Is an AED machine available?
IF YES, follow its directions
If NO, begin the:
ABC s of First Aid• A irway – open airway• B reathing – 2 breaths• C irculation – 30 compressions• s evere bleeding (control)
Emergency - CPREmergency - CPR
30 compressions/2 breaths – 4 cycles
• Check for life signs– breathing– pulse– movement
• If none: repeat chest compressions/breaths
Emergency - ChokingEmergency - Choking
IF conscious – cannot cough or speak:
Lean victim forward – 5 back blows and 5 quick upward abdominal thrusts
Continue 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts
Until:
object comes out
person can breath or cough well
person loses consciousness
Emergency - Choking Emergency - Choking
IF choking victim loses consciousness:
- with victim on the floor, open airway
- check for an object - remove if seen
- attempt 2 breaths, if they go in follow steps of A B C s - if breaths do not go in – 30 chest compressions then 2 more attempted breaths
Continue until object is removed, or EMS arrives
Severe BleedingSevere Bleeding
• Elevate
• Apply pressure with dressing – add additional dressings as needed – never remove existing compresses
• Treat around impaled objects – do not remove
Shock – Call 911 Shock – Call 911
• Victim should lie down if possible
• Elevate legs 10-12 inches if no head/spine injury suspected
• Maintain body temperature
• Maintain ABC s
Strains and Sprains “RICE”Strains and Sprains “RICE”
• R – Rest the injured area
• I – Ice, apply cold pack (don’t apply directly
• C – Compress, wrap snuggly but not too tight
• E – Elevate, above the heart
BurnsBurns
Minor:1st degree, 2nd degree– Cool the burn– Cover the burn
Major: 3rd degree or 2nd degree
over large % of body– Call 911– Cover burn if possible– Treat for shock
Severe Illness - call 911 Severe Illness - call 911
• Diabetic Emergency
• Seizure – prevent injury
• Poison/ Allergic Reaction
• Heart Attack
• Stroke – “F A S T”
• Asthma attack
If conscious, gather information:
Meds/food/drinksSkin color/temperatureAllergies/ health issues
Treat for ShockMaintain body temp.Assist with meds.
Maintain A B C s
Review: First Aid/CPR/AEDReview: First Aid/CPR/AED
Call 911 whenever victim:is unconsciousis not breathingis chokinghas persistent chest painhas bone or joint fracture / deformityhas severe bleeding / internal injurieshas severe burnshas seizures / stroke or shock symptoms
ReviewReview
You have reviewed the basic skills needed to recognize and give immediate care to a suddenly ill or injured person until more advanced medical care arrives.
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