Embryology Doc. MUDr. Ing. RNDr. Peter Celec, DrSc., MPH petercelec@gmail.com

Embryology

Doc. MUDr. Ing. RNDr. Peter Celec, DrSc., MPHpetercelec@gmail.com

www.imbm.sk

Stem cells

• Totipotency• All tissue types

• Pluripotency• All tissues except placentaand amniotic sac

• Multipotency• Several related tissue types

Differentiation

Programming and reprogramming

Nucleus transfer

• John Bertrand Gurdon (1933 - )• Nobel prize in Physiology or medicine 2012

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

• Dolly(5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003)

Cloning

• Reproductive • Therapeutic

Cloning

Pluripotency

iPSC

Shinya YamanakaKyoto University

iPS

• Reprogramming of differentiated cells• Pluripotency• No immune response

• Without retroviral vectors• Without oncogenes• pH?

• Reproducibility

Shinya Yamanaka(1962 – )Nobel prize2012 – Physiology or medicine

Malignant transformation

• Robert Weinberg (1942 - )

• Oncogenes• Ras

• Tumor suppressors• Rb1

Hallmarks of cancer

Hanahan & Weinberg, Cell, 2000

Hallmarks of cancer

Hanahan & Weinberg, Cell, 2011

Malignant transformation

• Bert Vogelstein (1949- )

• Vogelgram

Genometastasis

Genometastasis

www.imbm.sk

petercelec@gmail.com