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7/17/2019 ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS.ppt
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ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS
111305
7/17/2019 ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS.ppt
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THE IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN AROPLANE
• WINGS
• FUSELAGE• EMPENNAGE
• LANDING GEARS
• CONTROL SURFACE• ENGINES
PARTS OF AEROPLANE
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PARTS OF AEROPLANE
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AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
1. CLASSIFICATION BY CONFIGURATION
• POSITION OF THE WING – LOW WING – MID WING – HIGH WING
• NUMBER OF WINGS – MONO PLANE – BI PLANE – TRI PLANE
• SHAPE OF THE WINGS – DELTA WING – DIAMOND WING
– SWEPT WING – GULL SHAPED WING
• POSITION OF THE WINGS – CONVENTIONAL WING – NO TAIL OR TAILESS – HORIZONTAL TAIL LOCATED AOVE THE VERTICAL TAIL
– CANARD TYPE
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AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
2. LOCATION AND TYPE OF LANDING GEAR
– RETRACTABLE
– NON RETRACTABLE
– TAIL WHEEL – NOSE WHEEL
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AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
3. CLASSIFICATION BY POWER PLANTS
A. POWER PLANT TYPES• PISTON ENGINE• TURBO PROP• TURBO SHAFT• TURBO JET
• TURBO FAN• ROCET
B. NUMBER OF ENGINES• SINGLE ENGINE• TWO ENGINE• MULTI ENGINE
C. LOCATION OF THE ENGINES• NOSE• FUSELAGE• JET ENGINE SUBMERGED IN WING• PYLON MOUNTING
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AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
!. TYPES OF FUSELAGE
– ROUND
– S"UARE
– OVAL
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AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
#. CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE
A. CIVIL
B. CARGO
C. MILITARYI. BOMBERS
II. FIGHTERS
III. INTERCEPTORS
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FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE
PRIMARY GROUP• AILERON• ELEVATOR• RUDDER
SECONDARY GROUP• TRIM TAB• SPRING TAB
AU$ILIARY GROUP• WING FLAPS• SPOILERS• SPEED BRAES• LEADING EDGE FLAP• SLOTS
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AILERON• Longitudina a!i" %&'%()* +%(,'-/*% 0 '-% (*% '-4,- '-% '5/+.
M6%%(' 574' '-% +(,/'4)/(5+ 5&/* /* 85++%) ++. Ro i" #ont$o%d &'
t(% ai%$on")
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ELEVATOR
• Lat%$a a!i" %&'%()* 8**/*% 0 /(,'/9 '-4,- /(,'/9.M6%%(' 574' '-% +5'%5+ 5&/* /* 85++%) 9/'8-. Pit#( i" #ont$o%d&' t(% %%*ato$ .
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RUDDER
•+%$ti#a a!i" 95**%* 6%'/85++ '-4,- '-% 8%('% 0 ,56/' ;-%( '-%5/850' /* /( +%6%+ 0+/,-'<. M6%%(' 574' '-% 6%'/85+ 5&/* /* 85++%) 5.
,a- i" #ont$o%d &' t(% $udd%$ .
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AIRCRAFT ENGINES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES ARE
PROPELLER WITH PISTON ENGINE
JET ENGINE• TURBOPROP
• TURBOFAN
• TURBOJET
• RAMJET
ROCET ENGINE
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TURBOPROP
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PUSHER
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TURBOFAN
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TURBOJET
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TURBOJET WITH AFTERBURNER
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ROCET ENGINE
LI"UID FUEL
SOLID FUEL
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AIRFOIL
AN AIRFOIL IS A SURFACE DESIGNED TO OBTAIN A
DESIRABLE REACTION FROM THE AIR THROUGHWHICH IT MOVES
AIRFOIL GEOMETRY
• CHORD LINE
• MEAN CAMBER LINE
• ANGLE OF ATTAC
• ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
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FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT
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DRAG
• DRAG IS THE RESOLVED COMPONENT OFTHE COMPLETE AERODYNAMIC FORCEWHICH IS PARALLEL TO THE FLIGHT
DIRECTION ;OR RELATIVE ONCOMING AIRFLOW<.
• IT MUST ALWAYS ACT TO OPPOSE THEDIRECTION OF MOTION.
• IT IS THE UNDESIRABLE COMPONENT OFTHE AERODYNAMIC FORCE WHILE LIFT ISTHE DESIRABLE COMPONENT
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TYPES OF DRAG
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DRAG POLAR
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TOPICS TO BE COVERED
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W- *-4+) % *'4)
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P%%) C('+*
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– H)54+/8 9%**4% '5(*/''%) ' servo actuator
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AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
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INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
– THE VERY FIRST AIRCRAFT HAD LITTLE TO NO
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
– ALL WEATHER FLYING WAS RISY – NAVIGATION DEPENDED ON PILOTS ABILITY TO
USE LANDMARS
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• FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
• ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
• NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATIONINSTRUMENTS
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
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THE COMMON FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
– ALTIMETER
– AIRSPEED INDICATOR
– VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
– HEADING INDICATOR
– ATTITUDE INDICATOR ;@ARTIFICIAL
HORIZON<
– TURN COORDINATOR
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AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION
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TRUSS
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MONOCO"UE
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SEMI MONOCO"UE
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THAN YOU
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