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Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
All waves in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
•Are transverse waves•Travel at the same speed ( 3 x 108ms-1 in a vacuum)•Can travel through a vacuum
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
RADIO MICROWAVES INFRA RED VISIBLEULTRA VIOLET X RAYS
GAMMA RAYS
Increasing Wavelength
Increasing Frequency
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Wavelength: 1 mm – 50 cm Source: Electronics Detector: Aerial Properties/uses: Microwave ovens, radio telescopes, radar
RADIO
TELEVISION
MICROWAVES
INFRA RED
VISIBLE
ULTRA VIOLET
X RAYS
GAMMA RAYS
Wavelength: around 1 nm Source: Atoms Detector: Film Properties/uses: Medical X rays, defects in metals, checking paintings
Wavelength: 0.001 – 0.4 m Source: Atoms Detector: Skin, film Properties/uses: Sun tan, sun burn, theatre, checking documents, microscopes
Wavelength: 0.4-0.7 m Source: Atoms Detector: Eye, film Properties/uses: We use it to see the world around us
Wavelength: around 50 cm Source: Electronics Detector: Aerial Properties/uses: Television
Wavelength: 1 m – 1500 m Source: Electronics Detector: Aerial Properties/uses: Radio communication
Wavelength: around 1 pm Source: Nuclei Detector: Film, Geiger counter Properties/uses: Medical, sterilising food, checking metal castings, checking water flow
Wavelength: 0.7-10 m Source: Atoms Detector: Skin, thermometer, film Properties/uses: Physiotherapy, night sight, locating people trapped in smoke or ruins
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Radio Waves
Radio waves are:
•Detected by aerials•Used for communication
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Radio Waves
Radio waves are:
•Detected by aerials•Used for communication
Long wavelength radio waves are:
•Diffracted and so can be detected below the horizon and in the shadow of hills•Reflected by the ionosphere and so can be detected below the horizon
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Microwaves
Microwaves can be demonstrated in the laboratory with the apparatus shown above and can be:
•Reflected my metal plates•refracted by wax•Diffracted by the gap between two metal plates
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Microwaves are:
•Detected by aerials (diodes)•Used for
•Communication
Microwaves
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Microwaves are:
•Detected by aerials (diodes)•Used for
•Communication•Cooking
Short wavelength micro waves are:
•Not diffracted and so can only be used for line of sight communication•Pass through the ionosphere and so can be used to communicate with satellites orbiting the Earth
Microwaves
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Scientists believe that microwaves used by mobile phones can cause heating of cells and lead to permanent damage.
Microwaves
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Infra Red, IR
Infra Red Radiation is:
Emitted by:•Hot objects
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Infra Red, IR
Infra Red Radiation is:
Emitted by:•Hot objects
Detected by:•Skin•Thermometers•Photographic Film
Used for:•VCR/DVD controllers•cooking
Infra Red Radiation can be:•Reflected by glass and so warms the interior of glass houses•Is radiated by the Earth into space and so cools the planet•Is reflected by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and can lead to global warming
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Infra Red, IR
Infra Red Radiation can be:•Reflected by glass and so warms the interior of glass houses
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Infra Red, IR
Infra Red Radiation can be:•Reflected by glass and so warms the interior of glass houses
•Is radiated by the Earth into space and so cools the planet•Is reflected by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and can lead to global warming
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo violet
White Light
The visible spectrum
The Visible Spectrum Visible light is:
Emitted by:•Hot objects
Detected by:•The eye•Photographic Film
Used for:•seeing
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
The Visible Spectrum
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Ultraviolet Radiation Ultra Violet Radiation is:
Emitted by:•Hot objects
Detected by:•The skin•Photographic Film•Fluorescent paints
Used for:•Sunbeds
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Ultraviolet Radiation Ultra Violet Radiation is:
Emitted by:•Hot objects
Detected by:•The skin•Photographic Film•Fluorescent paints
Used for:•Sunbeds•Security
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Ultraviolet Radiation Ultra Violet Radiation is:
Emitted by:•Hot objects
Detected by:•The skin•Photographic Film•Fluorescent paints
Used for:•Sunbeds•Security•Hardening adhesives•Hardening fillings in teeth•Sterilisation of surgical instruments
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
X ray beam
copper anodefilament
heavy metal targetelectron beam
E.H.TvacuumX-Rays X – Rays are:
Emitted by:•atoms
Detected by:•Photographic Film
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
X ray beam
copper anodefilament
heavy metal targetelectron beam
E.H.TvacuumX-Rays X – Rays are:
Emitted by:•atoms
Detected by:•Photographic Film
Used for:•X-ray photographs in medicine•Detecting faults in metals and concrete
Will:•Damage human cells which may kill them or mutate them, leading to cancer
Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Gamma Radiation Gamma Radiation is:
Emitted by:•nuclei
Detected by:•Photographic Film•Geiger-Muller tubes
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Gamma Radiation Gamma Radiation is:
Emitted by:•nuclei
Detected by:•Photographic Film•Geiger-Muller tubes
Used for:•Treating cancer•Detecting faults in metals and concrete•Sterilising surgical equipment•Killing bacteria on food
Will:•Damage human cells which may kill them or mutate them, leading to cancer
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
April 18, 2023
Electric field
Magnetic field
e.m. radiation
A Electromagnetic Wave
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