Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels
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- Slide 1
- Effort of Elimination of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline
Vessels
- Slide 2
- 1.History of Measures against IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline
Fishery 1980s Sightings of unknown flagged large-scale tuna
longline vessels in the Mediterranean 1980s Sightings of unknown
flagged large-scale tuna longline vessels in the Mediterranean 1992
ICCAT Bluefin Tuna Statistical Document Program 1994 ICCAT Bluefin
Tuna Action Plan 1996 ICCAT trade sanction on bluefin tuna starts
1998 ICCAT IUU Action Plan for trade sanction 1998- Japan-Taiwan
bilateral consultations 1999- Various countermeasures by RFMOs 2001
FAO IPOA on IUU Fishing
- Slide 3
- 2. Problems - Flag hopping, change names - Almost all IUU tuna
longline vessels are owned and operated by Taiwanese residents -
Flag states are the victims of IUU vessel owners - Almost all
catches are frozen tuna for sashimi use - Almost all IUU longline
catches are landed on Japanese market - Deterioration of tuna
stocks
- Slide 4
- Examples of Flag Hopping and Change Names
- Slide 5
- Sample of ICCAT IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessel List
- Slide 6
- A List of Flags Used by Taiwanese FOC Vessel Owners Number of
vessels included in the ICCAT IUU lists) Flag1999200020012002
Current Situation BELIZE 83 83 96 96 91 91 30 30 BOLIVIA 13 13 12
12 Trade sanction CAMBODIA 3 3 10 10 8 Trade sanction E. GUINEA 51
51 50 50 53 53 52 52 All vessels deregistered GEORGIA 2 Trade
sanction HONDURAS 103 103 82 82 62 62 All vessels deregistered
INDONESIA 1 71 71 All vessels deregistered PANAMA 6 13 13 7
PHILIPPINE 21 21 15 15 3 7 SEYCHELLES 3 12 12 28 28 20
20Legalization SIERRA LEONE 1 1 1 Trade sanction SINGAPORE 7 1 1
ST. VINCENT 52 52 10 10 6 THAILAND 1 VANUATU 6 16 16 15
15Legalization Others 18 18 5 11 11 3 Unkown 2 16 16 12 12 217 217
Total 345 345 302 302 396 396 380 380
- Slide 7
- 3. Countermeasures - Focused on persons who actually own and
operate the IUU vessels - Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs to
Eliminate IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels (LSTLVs) -
Implementation of the programs of vessel scrapping and vessel
re-registration to Taiwan - Resolutions on non-purchase guidance of
IUU caught tunas by ICCAT & IOTC - Establishment of OPRT - Data
collection on the history of vessels including previous vessel and
owner names - IUU vessel listing
- Slide 8
- Outline of Japan-Taiwan Joint Action Programs
ProgramImplementation Japan Scrapping of 62 Japan-built second-
hand LSTLVs by 2003 2001 29 vessels 2002 8 vessels 2003 6 vessels
Total 43 vessels Scrapping cost:30 million US$ Taiwan
Re-registration of 67 newly Taiwan-built LSTLVs to Taiwan by 2005
2001 2 vessels 2002 17 vessels 2003 28 vessels 2004 1 vessels Total
48 vessels
- Slide 9
- Scrapping at an Indonesian Scrap Yard
- Slide 10
- Tunas Imported to Japan against the Non-Purchase Guidance
Required importers to report vessel name etc. Required importers to
submit records of the vessels ICCAT IUU List was revised Source:
Report from Importers
- Slide 11
- Transition of number of IUU Large-Scale Tuna Longline Vessels
(LSTLVs)
- Slide 12
- 4. New Problems - Tuna laundering - Use of forged documents -
Non-effectiveness of measures based on IUU list (negative
list)
- Slide 13
- An Implication of Tuna Laundering Amount of Japanese Bigeye
Tuna Import from Taiwan and Number of Vessels Exported over 350MT
of Bigeye a Year Source : Report from Importers
- Slide 14
- Examples of Forged Documents
- Slide 15
- A Sample of the Latest IUU-LSTLVs List
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Examples of Notes of the IUU List 11According to Seychelles,
vessels flying the Seychelles flag are monitored by VMS and provide
catch and effort data to the flag State. 12St. Vincent and the
Grenadines indicated in 2002 and 2003 that these vessels are
properly regulated and report daily catch- effort data and their
geographical position is monitored on a daily basis 13In the view
of Vanuatu, the listing of these vessels should not be used as a
basis for trade embargo. 14Belize informed ICCAT in 2003 that these
vessels are now properly regulated under its High Seas Fishing Act,
and that Belize has undertaken to delete these vessels uponreceipt
of appropriate legal evidence to trigger de-registration under
Belize legislation.
- Slide 18
- 5. New Countermeasures - ICCAT, IOTC and IATTC adopted a new
measure based on positive list - Japan started a new measure based
on the positive list in November 2003 on a global basis --- only
tunas caught by the LSTLVs on the positive lists are allowed to
enter the Japanese market.
- Slide 19
- 6. Newly Emerging Problems 6. Newly Emerging Problems Rapid
increase of the number of large-scale purse seine vessels Rapid
increase of the number of large-scale purse seine vessels Shifting
of longline fishing with vessels less than 24m Shifting of longline
fishing with vessels less than 24m
- Slide 20
- Number of Pure Seine Vessels of Major Fishing Members
Registered to FFA Regional Register (Data Source : FFA Regional
Register List)
- Slide 21
- Purse Seine Catches of Major Fishing Members in the western
central Pacific (1,000MT)
- Slide 22
- List of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
- Slide 23
- Increase of Taiwanese FOC Purse Seiners
- Slide 24
- Number of Longliners of Major Fishing Members Registered to FFA
Regional Register (Data Source : FFA Regional Register List)
- Slide 25
- Conclusion Measures focused on flag states including trade
measure had a limited effectiveness. Measures focused on flag
states including trade measure had a limited effectiveness. Trade
tracking and its resulting accumulation of information by market
countries are an enormous task but it provides the most important
fundamentals for creation of effective measures to combat IUU
fishing. Trade tracking and its resulting accumulation of
information by market countries are an enormous task but it
provides the most important fundamentals for creation of effective
measures to combat IUU fishing. Direct consultations with IUU
vessel owners played an important role toward termination of the
problem. Direct consultations with IUU vessel owners played an
important role toward termination of the problem.
- Slide 26
- Conclusion - continues Measures based on positive list are
effective but there may still continue tuna laundering and use of
forged documents. Measures based on positive list are effective but
there may still continue tuna laundering and use of forged
documents. FOC/IUU fishing is a part of overcapacity. FOC/IUU
fishing is a part of overcapacity. All FOC flag states are
developing states. All FOC flag states are developing states. Even
after elimination of IUU fishing, as far as developing states
accept limitlessly registrations of foreign fishing vessels,
overcapacity problem continues. Even after elimination of IUU
fishing, as far as developing states accept limitlessly
registrations of foreign fishing vessels, overcapacity problem
continues.
- Slide 27
- Recommendations IUU measures should be specific to each fishery
and based on trade and other data for identification of real
operators. IUU measures should be specific to each fishery and
based on trade and other data for identification of real operators.
FAO should establish a global record of tuna fishing vessels,
compiling the existing records of tuna fishing vessels of relevant
RFMOs and RFMOs should cooperate with FAO in establishment of the
record. FAO should establish a global record of tuna fishing
vessels, compiling the existing records of tuna fishing vessels of
relevant RFMOs and RFMOs should cooperate with FAO in establishment
of the record. Developed states, parties and fishing entities
should stop construction of new tuna fishing vessels except for
those replacing the existing licensed vessels with equivalent
fishing capacity whatever flag is used. Developed states, parties
and fishing entities should stop construction of new tuna fishing
vessels except for those replacing the existing licensed vessels
with equivalent fishing capacity whatever flag is used.
- Slide 28
- Recommendations - continues FAO should request RFMOs to
establish, as a matter of priority, a system to transfer fishing
capacity from developed states, parties and fishing entities to
developing states smoothly. FAO should request RFMOs to establish,
as a matter of priority, a system to transfer fishing capacity from
developed states, parties and fishing entities to developing states
smoothly. A nation, party or fishing entity whose residents caused
rapid expansion of fishing capacity in recent years should cut at
least that expanded portion of fishing capacity. A nation, party or
fishing entity whose residents caused rapid expansion of fishing
capacity in recent years should cut at least that expanded portion
of fishing capacity. RFMOs should develop market oriented measures
for purse seine caught tuna. Countries importing purse seine caught
tuna must play a vital role. RFMOs should develop market oriented
measures for purse seine caught tuna. Countries importing purse
seine caught tuna must play a vital role.