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EFA- the way forward
Oliver Buston, Oxfam International
May 7th 2003
A silent crisis
• 115 million out of school
• Nearly 860 million illiterate
• Two thirds women
• 88 countries off track for MDG
Education crisis in Africa
• 40% of children receive no education
• Average: 3.5 years in school
• In 2015 two thirds of out of school children will be in Africa
Why does this matter?
Education is:
• Fundamental human right
• Foundation for good health*
• Only known HIV vaccine
• A key to equitable growth
Amartya Sen on Education in East Asia (1)
• 1872 Fundamental code of education
• 1910 Japan almost fully literate
• 1913 publishing more books than Britain, double US
• China, Taiwan, S.Korea
Amartya Sen on Education in East Asia (2)
• “impossible to ignore the importance of the achievements of these countries in terms of basic education”
• “widespread participation in a global economy would have been hard to achieve if people could not read or write, or produce according to specifications”
• Key to “growth with equity”
Global Campaign for Education
• NGOs
• Teachers groups
• Campaigning north and south
• Big Lesson
Global Initiative
• Build on national plans
• Predictable and increased aid
• Donor coordination
April 2000: Dakar
• EFA plans
• Financing pledge
• Vague reference to global initiative
Post Dakar depression
• No progress on plans
• Falling aid
• Falling World Bank support
G7 Aid for Basic Education
1%
0.3%
2.1%
5.6%
6%
3.2%
6.9%
0 50 100 150 200 250
Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Japan*
UK
USA
Basic educationas % of totalbilateral sectorallocable ODA
Bilateral ODA tobasic educationUS$ per year2000-2001 (two-year average)
EFA Fast Track initiative
• Partnership
• Built on country plans/PRSP
• Donor coordination
• 18+5
G8 2002 Kananaskis
• EFA Task Force report
• Very little money
• Japan the exception?
November donor consortium
• Weak donor response
• Burkina, Niger, Mauritania, Honduras, Nicaragua. Guinea, Guyana
• $430m over 3 years
• Where from?
Concerns with fast Track
Donor concerns
• Cost• Recurrent costs• Absorption• Country owned• PRSP
Developing country concerns
• Will donors deliver?• Conditionality• One size fits all• Teacher salaries
Stories of hope
• Niger
• Mozambique
• Tanzania
• Kenya
• And more!
March donor consortium
• 3 more countries qualify
• $200m found for first 7
• Many concerns addressed
• Open door (PRSP + Sector Plan)
Fast Track delivers
• Donor coordination
• Incentives
Fast Track challenges
• Small number of countries
• Small number of children
• Donor orphans
• Tiny amounts of money
Japan and Fast Track (1)
• Begin initiative – what is link to FTI?
• $15-25m over 3 years for first 7?
• Revisiting question of recurrent costs
Japan and Fast Track (2)
• Challenge of coordination
• Tied aid
• Japanese inputs, training, materials
• Hardware vs. software
• Scholarships
• Asia?
Japan’s aid at a crossroads
• Review of aid charter
• 1. National interest/less/focus/tied aid/hardware
• 2.Poverty focus/more /better quality/untied aid/basic needs/software
Japan- EFA Champion
• Use G8 to take a lead
• Strong support for Fast Track
• Lever resources from others
• Expand
• Drive coordination
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