Editorial Frontiers in the Expansion of...

EditorialFrontiers in the Expansion of Bioproducts

Junio Cota,1 Joachim Venus,2 Zaira B. Hoffmam,3 and Lucas F. Ribeiro4

1 Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, MG, Brazil2Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Bornim, Potsdam, Germany3Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Campinas, SP, Brazil4Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Correspondence should be addressed to Junio Cota; juniocota@ica.ufmg.br

Received 14 August 2016; Accepted 14 August 2016

Copyright © 2016 Junio Cota et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Bioproducts and biobased technologies are increasingly tak-ing on outstanding position in the global market. Althoughthere is debate on the longevity of the oil reserves, the globalwarming and its devastating consequences cannot be deniedand probably will put an end to the fossil fuels era andstart a new one with dependence on renewable energy. InDecember 2015, in an unprecedented agreement, 195 nations(including all of the top 10 emitting countries) committedto The Paris Agreement to hold “the increase in the globalaverage temperature to well below 2∘C above preindustriallevels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increaseto 1.5∘C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that thiswould significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climatechange” [1], which presumably would promote a significantincrease in investments in green technologies.

Renewable raw materials have already been used tomanufacture a wide variety of bioproducts in biorefineriesworldwide, which may be divided into three large groups:biochemicals, biomaterials, and energy fuels. The concept ofa self-sustainable biorefinery would ideally share manufac-turing processes to produce bulk chemicals and high marketvalue biobased chemicals at low cost, using cheap substrateand/or processes. However, industrial processes are mostlyfar from that model, since a lot of bottlenecks arise from eachparticular bioprocess. Nevertheless, 50 million tonnes of bio-products were generated in 2012, including nonfood starch,cellulose fibres and cellulose derivatives, tall oils, fatty acids,and fermentation products such as alcohols, ketones, esters,organic acids, biopolymers, enzymes, amino acids, and vita-mins [2]. Currently, the production of biobased commodityis commonly impaired by the competitive low price of crude

oil, which constitutes a barrier to justify production costs. Ina broader perspective, worldwide exportations of products inagriculture and forestry, food, bioenergy, biotechnology, andgreen chemistry were estimated to be about US $2 trillionin 2014, accounting for 13% of world trade [3]. The globalrenewable chemicals market reached a remarkable size ofUS $49 billion in 2015 and is forecasted to increase to US$84.3 billion by 2020. Just the global market for fermentationderived fine chemicals saw a revenue of US $16 billion in2009, this sector being boosted bymodern biotechnology thatallows industry to improve the economics of new and oldfermentation products.

In this context, this special issue introduces new conceptsand trends regarding biobased processes and consists of fouroriginal researches and one review article. In one article, I.Baumann andP.Westermann review the current technologiesand market aspects for short chain fatty acids synthesis byanaerobic fermentation of nonfood biomass, with a focus on asustainable industrial production. In the first research article,X. Zhu et al. report enzymatic synthesis of precursors ofimportant steroid drugs by biotransformation of cholesterolusing Burkholderia cepacia strains under different nutritionalconditions. In another research article, K. Godlewska et al.report the effects of bioproducts extracted from seaweed onagriculture/horticulture, which comprises increment in plantheight and assimilation of microelements and in chlorophyllcontent. In a third research article, Y. Li et al. report synthesisof pyrimethanil grafted chitosan derivatives with enhancedantifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi in compar-ison with chitosan. Finally, Z. Zahan et al. report the effectsof anaerobic codigestion of wastes from food manufacturing

Hindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2016, Article ID 3809386, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3809386

2 BioMed Research International

and processing companies using municipal wastewater treat-ment plant’s primary sludge and waste activated sludge, andtheir research suggests that codigestion has great potential inimproving the specific biogas production and methane yieldwith sewage sludge.

In summary and given the importance of raising bioe-conomy, the present issue aims to expand our compre-hension of different bioprocesses for synthesis of biobasedproducts with economical relevance. In this sense, morethan 40 nations are already in the way of establishing aconsolidated bioeconomy, which will be a result of someinitiatives such as close association of multilateral policyprocesses and intergovernmental discussions, internationalcollaborations between governments and public and privateresearchers, international collaboration between researchersto evolve and disseminate the knowledge, and establishmentof R&D support programmes [3]. The present issue bringstogether new potential technologies and methods to lead toan improvement of bioproducts manufacturing worldwide.While meeting those objectives, the work will also providevaluable source of reference for students and researchers.

Junio CotaJoachim Venus

Zaira B. HoffmamLucas F. Ribeiro

References

[1] H. J. Schellnhuber, S. Rahmstorf, andR.Winkelmann, “Why theright climate target was agreed in Paris,”Nature Climate Change,vol. 6, pp. 649–653, 2016.

[2] E. De Jong, A. Higson, P. Walsh, and M. Wellisch, “Bio-based chemicals—value added products from biorefineries,”Wageningen, 36 pages, 2012, http://www.ieabioenergy.com/.

[3] B. El-Chichakli, J. von Braun, C. Lang, D. Barben, and J. Philp,“Policy: five cornerstones of a global bioeconomy,” Nature, vol.535, no. 7611, pp. 221–223, 2016.

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