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Part 1 Concepts and Models
Ecosystem Services Ecology and Economics
1. Ecosystem (Based) (Goods &) Services
“Ecosystem” from Ecology
-natural science methods- “Services”
from Economics -social science methods-
Sun, earth
NATURAL CAPITAL
NATURAL CAPITAL
INTEREST INTEREST
Adapted by Braat, based on TEEB 2010
THE ECOLOGICAL – SOCIAL-ECONOMIC - INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Management/ Restoration
Feedback between value perception and use of eco- system services
Laws and Institutions
Ecosystems (incl. biodiversity)
Functions
Biophysical Structure or process
Pollution, destruction
Services Biomass
work, information
Human System (socio-economic-cultural context)
Economic & Cultural
Value
(-individual & group)
Benefits
wants needs
NATURAL CAPITAL
INTEREST
sun, moon, earth
energy sources
atmospheric system
terrestrial ecosystem
soils & substrate
aquatic ecosystem
soils & substrate
Human
Society
needs + wants =>
demand <=> ES
benefits => value
1
1
1
2
2
ES
ES
3
ES
NATURAL CAPITAL
NATURAL CAPITAL
CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment (MA, 2005)
The Economics of
Ecosystems and Biodiversity
(TEEB, 2010) Common International
Classification of Ecosystem
Services (CICES, 2013)
PROVISIONING
REGULATING & Maintenance
CULTURAL
EROSION PROTECTION
CARBON SEQUENSTRATION
VISIBLE BIODIVERSITY
SENSE OF PLACE
(POTENTIAL) TIMBER
Ecosystem Services in a Forest Landscape
Ecosystem Services in a Sediment Landscape
holocene sediments
pleistocene sediments
the "sand engine"
bundles of services from dune systems
Part 2 EU Biodiversity Strategy 2011-2020
Ecosystem Services Ecology and Economics
European Commission DG Environment
EU biodiversity strategy
EU biodiversity strategy
T2. Ecosystem maintenance and restoration
Action 5: Improve knowledge of ecosystems and their services in the EU
Step 1. recognising value map and assess ecosystems and their services by 2014
Step 2. demonstrating value assess the economic value of these services,
Step 3. capturing value values into accounting systems for policy by 2020
Adapted by Braat, based on TEEB 2010
THE ECOLOGICAL – SOCIAL-ECONOMIC - INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Management/ Restoration
Feedback between value perception and use of eco- system services
Laws and Institutions
Ecosystems (incl. biodiversity)
Functions
Biophysical Structure or process
Pollution, destruction
Services Biomass
work, information
Human System (socio-economic-cultural context)
Economic & Cultural
Value
(-individual & group)
Benefits
wants
needs
1. RECOGNISING
VALUE 2.
DEMON-STRATING
VALUE
3. CAPTURING
VALUE
TRAIN
Part 3
Ecosystem Services Ecology and Economics
The Challenges 2015 -2020
1. to complete and improve current biophysical maps, to make them useful as a basis for economic (& cultural) valuation 2. to adapt current economic valuation methods to match spatially explicit ecosystem services
3. to develop an "easy to implement" basic valuation approach for member states (a valuation guidance document)
The Challenges 2015 -2020
MAP, ASSESS & VALUATE THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF
SEDIMENT SYSTEMS
4. to train MS teams to build 2nd generation biophysical maps and produce economic value maps
5. to make the valuation approach more sophisticated: ==> plural values, integrated across multiple dimensions
6. to provide "input" for accounting systems
The Challenges 2015 -2020
economic values
"ecological" values
cultural values
MULTIPLE TYPES OF VALUE
social values
values
Economic values – ASSIGNED BY PEOPLE to BENEFITS that contribute
to SURVIVAL, (MATERIAL) WELFARE AND/OR WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE;
Cultural values
– the "APPRECIATION" of the BENEFITS FROM ECOSYSTEMS VIA GOODS AND SERVICES THAT DEFINE, SUPPORT, AND ENHANCE THE CULTURE OF A SOCIETY
Social Values
• the values for groups of people, • The shared preferences among a group
Ecological values An expression of APPRECIATION of nature UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE of biophysical features AS CAUSAL FACTORS in the production of economic or cultural benefits
Awareness raising (reviews, stories, illustrations)
Accounting (private & public balance sheets)
Priority-setting (CBA of landuse zoning, measures, projects)
Instrument design (setting incentive levels, targeting user groups)
Reliability & accuracy requirement
Litigation (damage & compensation claims)
Source: adapted from Gomez-Baggethun and Barton(2013)
ASSIGN VALUE ...FOR WHAT ?
STEP 3: POLICIES TO CAPTURE THE VALUES FOR SOCIETY
• subsidies and fiscal incentives
• charging for access and use
• adaptation/ mitigation strategies
• property rights and liability
• eco-labelling and certification
• payments / compensation for ecosystem services
THE END
Ecosystem Services Ecology and Economics
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