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Ecology
Study of interactions between organisms and their environments.
Biotic Factors Biosphere – life-supporting layer of Earth Biotic factors – all living organisms in a
biosphere
Abiotic Factors Nonliving factors in an environment Examples:
Air currents Temperature Moisture Light Soil
Organization of Life
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere
Feeding Relationships Autotrophs Heterotrophs
Carnivores Omnivores Herbivores Decomposers
Trophic Relationships Autotrophs 1st level consumers (herbivores) 2nd level consumers 3rd level consumers 4th level consumers (top predators)
RULE OF 10 Only 10% of energy is transferred from
one trophic level to the next. Example:
It takes 100 kgs of plant materials (producers) to support 10 kgs of herbivores
It takes 10 kgs of herbivores to support 1 kg of 1st level predator
Symbiosis – “living together”Relationship
Type Species A Species B
Commensalism + 0
Mutualism + +
Parasitism + -
Water cycle Evaporation Transpiration Precipitation Runoff Groundwater
Carbon cycle Combustion Photosynthesis Respiration Decomposition Fossil fuels
Nitrogen cycle Atmospheric nitrogen Runoff Fertilizers Decomposition Nitrogen fixing Synthesis of amino acids
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