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The Disease5 Strains
Zaire
Most deadly (88%)
lethality
Discovered in Zaire
(Democratic
Republic of Congo)
Sudan
50% lethalityDiscovered in Sudan
Reston
Discovered in Reston VirginiaNon-hemorrhagic
BundibugyoDiscovered in 2007
Found in Uganda
Much lower
lethality
Cote D’IvoireIsolated in 1994
One human case
(potentially-lethal)
Found in
chimpanzees
Mononegavirales
Filoviridae
Ebolavirus
Marburgvirus
Rhabdoviridae
Bornaviridae
Paramyxoviridae
The VirusClass V (-ssRNA)
Classification Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebolavirus
From http://students.cis.uab.edu
From the CDC From Global Biodefence
970nm longx
80nm diameter
Proteins
º GP
º VP30
º NP
º VP24
º VP40
º VP35
º L From ViralZone
Genome
NP VP35 VP40 GP VP30 VP24 L
18-19 kb
7 genes
Proteins
º GP
º VP30
º NP
º VP24
º VP40
º VP35
º L From ViralZone
sGP (isoform glycoprotein)- A form of glycoprotein that
is secreted into the extracellular space
- It counteracts antibodies by absorbing them
VP35- Has been shown to block
the IFN-β promoter- Halts the cells defense
mechanism of producing interferon's
VP30- A transcription factor
that jump starts the cell replication machinery
Life Cycle1. Entry
2. Production of mRNA
3. Production of virus proteins
4. Transcription into positive sense RNA
5. Replication of negative sense RNA
6. Movement of VP40 to surface and packaging
7. Maturation
8. Budding
http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/class.html
Infection• Transmitted through body fluids
• Often from contact with wild animals
• African practices contribute to outbreak:
– Eating monkeys and bats
– Caressing the dead
Hosts
Reservoir
Other possible reservoirs:
– Insects
– Rodents
In 2012 pigs found to transmit Zaire ebolavirus airborne to non-human primates (Hana M. Weingartl)
Pigs found to be a host for
Reston ebolavirus in 2009
(Roger W. Barrette)
?
3 species with potential to
spread Ebola
Bats play a big role in the transmission of Ebola
Hypsignathus monstrosus
Epomops franqueti
Myonycteris torquata
Ebola
Hemorrhagic Fever
Onset of symptoms to death:
6-16 days
By the second week of the infection, the patient will either experience a full recovery or undergo systemic multiorgan failure.
-Microbewiki
High feverChillsMyalgiaNauseaVomitingDiarrheaChest painCoughHeadache
DiarrheaDark or bloody fecesVomiting bloodRed eyesMaculopapular rashBleeding from orificesSeizures and delirium
Incubation period
2-21 days
Early LateSymptoms
Symptoms are easily mistaken for other diseases like malaria
Sources CitedBarrette, R. W., S. A. Metwally, J. M. Rowland, L. Xu, S. R. Zaki, S. T. Nichol, P. E. Rollin, J. S. Towner, W.-J. Shieh, B. Batten, T. K. Sealy, C. Carrillo, K. E. Moran, A. J. Bracht, G. A. Mayr, M. Sirios-Cruz, D. P. Catbagan, E. A. Lautner, T. G. Ksiazek, W. R. White, and M. T. McIntosh. "Discovery of Swine as a Host for the Reston Ebolavirus." Science 325.5937 (2009): 204-06. Science Magazine. AAAS. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.Chandran, K. "Endosomal Proteolysis of the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Is Necessary for Infection." Science 308.5728 (2005): 1643-645. Science Magazine. AAAS. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever." WHO. World Health Organization, 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." MedLine Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebola Virus." Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology. Baylor College of Medicine, 31 July 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebolavirus." ViralZone. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.
Haggmann, Michael. "On the Track of Ebola's Hideout?" Science 286.5440 (1999): 654-55. Science Magazine. AAAS. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Infection Mechanism of Genus Ebolavirus." MicrobeWiki. Kenyon College, Sept. 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2013."Questions and Answers about Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 July 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.Walsh, Michael. "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." Infection Landscapes. N.p., 26 Nov. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.Waterman, Tara. "Tara's Ebola Site." Thesis. Ed. Robert Siegel, MD. Stanford University, 1999. Tara's Ebola Site. Stanford University, 1 Mar. 1999. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.
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