Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997 )

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are needed to see this picture.

Energy Use per Capita and per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product, 1970-2030 (index, 1970=1)

Energy Prices, 1970-2030 (2003 dollars per million Btu)

Energy Consumption by Fuel, 1970-2030quadrillion BTU)

BTU = heat required to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F

11. The global carbon cycle shows the carbon reservoirs in GtC (gigatonne= one thousand million tonnes) and fluxes in GtC/year. The indicated figures are annual averages over the period 1980 to 1989. The component cycles are simplified and the figures present average values. The riverine flux, particularly the anthropogenic portion, is currently very poorly quantified and is not shown here.

Diagram of the carbon cycle. The black numbers indicate how much carbon is stored in various reservoirs, in billions of tons ("GtC" stands for GigaTons of Carbon). The blue numbers indicate how much carbon moves between reservoirs each year. The sediments, as defined in this diagram, do not include the ~70 million GtC of carbonate rock and kerogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle

http://science.hq.nasa.gov/oceans/system/carbon.html

http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/fossilfuels.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CatReformer.png

are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

Peat => Lignite => Bitumous => Anthracite

http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/fossilfuels.htm

15kJ + 2C + 2H2O =CH4 +CO2

http://peakoildebunked.blogspot.com/2005/09/94-energy-flow-diagrams.html

Combustion Efficiency

http://www.bacharach-training.com/Combustion%20Zone/Comb/combustion.htm

n ≡Wout

Qin=Qin −QoutQin

=1−QoutQin

Spontaneous reactions increase the entropy of the universe

n <1−TcTh

Putting in some numbers:Tc = 300Th = 823n < 0.64

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Example Fuels

Hydrogen H2

Gas CH4

Petroleum -CH2-

Coal -CH-

Ethanol C2H5OH

Nuclear Powerhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/power.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CANDU_reactor_schematic.png

Nuclear Reactors

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANDU_reactor

Breeder Reactor

www.wikipedia.org

Solar Energy

Solar Heating

http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=12850

http://www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/research.htm

• http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/photovoltaik-e.html

Photovoltaics

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http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/wres/pow/index.htm

Energy Flow in the US

2005 (Quadrillion Btu)

Electricity Flow, 2005(Quadrillion Btu)

Oil Millions of Barrels per day!

Natural Gas Flow, 2005

(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Coal Flow, 2005(Million Short Tons)

The campus uses 1.7x1011 J of electrical work per day.

Petroleum: kJ/gram = 43.6Solar: Insulation 4 kW hr/m2/dayWind: Energy density 200W/m2

kW-hour = 3,600,000 joules

Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997 )

Documents

KIEHL – High-tech innovations for the automa tic vehicle ... · KIEHL – High-tech innovations for the automa tic vehicle wash and maintenance Gold, silver or bronze – top perfor-mance

CURRICULUM VITAE Kent A. Kiehl, Ph.D

The Earth’s Climate System: Variability and change Kevin E. Trenberth NCAR The Earth’s Climate System: Variability and change Kevin E. Trenberth NCAR

May 2007 vegetation Kevin E Trenberth NCAR Kevin E Trenberth NCAR Weather and climate in the 21 st Century: What do we know? What don’t we know?

THE EARTH'S GRAVITY OUTLINE The Earth's gravitational field

Testimony of Dr. Kevin E. Trenberth

Seattle, Washington, 23 -28 August 2010 Kevin Trenberth Chair … · 2011. 2. 10. · GEWEX Pan-GEWEX Meeting Seattle, Washington, 23 -28 August 2010 Kevin Trenberth Chair SSG 1

Aspects of a climate observing system: energy and water Kevin E Trenberth NCAR Kevin E Trenberth NCAR

The Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model: CCSM3 Jeffrey T. Kiehl ... · 2005-02-10 · version of the model, CCSM2 (Kiehl and Gent, 2004), was released to the

ALEX KIEHL - University of Virginia

Cécile Hannay, Jeff Kiehl, Ping Zhu, and Jim Hack

The Earth’s Climate System: Variability and change Kevin E. Trenberth NCAR

Communicating climate change: Some lessons from climategate Kevin E Trenberth NCAR In Honor of Stephen Schneider Kevin E Trenberth NCAR In Honor of Stephen

CURRICULUM VITAE Kent A. Kiehl, Ph.D. Associate Professor

Building a Climate Information System Kevin E Trenberth NCAR Kevin E Trenberth NCAR

Role of the Ocean in climate Kevin E. Trenberth NCAR

CURRICULUM VITAE Kent A. Kiehl, Ph.D. - MRN

Kiehl cv 111112 - The Mind Research Network (MRN)1).pdf · CURRICULUM VITAE Kent A. Kiehl, ... functional magnetic resonance imaging ... 1997-01 Clinical Functional Magnetic Resonance

Kevin E Trenberth NCAR Kevin E Trenberth NCAR Global Warming is unequivocal The recent IPCC report has clearly stated that “Warming of the climate system

The Earth's magnetic field The Earth's magnetic field