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•Each row is called a “period”
•The elements in each period havethe same number of shells
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•Each column iscalled a “group”
•Each element in agroup has the samenumber of electronsin their outer orbital,also known as“shells”.
Except for He, ithas 2 electrons
•The electrons in theouter shell are called“valence electrons”
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•Transition Metalshave slightlydifferent rules forshells andvalence electrons.
•This issomething youwill learn about inHigh SchoolChemistry.
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• Helium is the exception in Group 8.
• Since it has just one shell, that shellcan only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.
• It is in this group because all theelements have a full outer shell.
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