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30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system1
ANTARES DAQ
DWDM OVERVIEW
SYSTEM SPEC’s: in particular Laser and DWDM filters
FIBER generals, handling and endface preparation
NOTIFICATIONS on SPLICES AND CONNECTORS
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system2
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
MLCM-DWDMGbEswitch
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
MLCM-DWDMGbEswitch
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
MLCM-DWDMGbEswitch
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
MLCM-DWDMGbEswitch
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
MLCM-DWDMGbEswitch
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
MLCM-DWDMGbEswitch
SCM-DWDMλx0
λy0
λx6
λy6
λx1
λx2
λx3
λx4
λx5
λy1
λy2
λy3
λy4
λy5
DW
DM
-mux
DW
DM
-dem
ux
MLCM container SCM container
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
submarine- connector ( )
10 x on JBone for each string
junction box
to/from shore station
basic DWDM outline
NIKHEFAntares
Project nr. 45000Januari 4, 2001/jh/rev2
sea side
chxo
chyo
chy1
chy2
chy3
chy4
chy5
chx1
chx2
chx3
chx4
chx5
LCMLCM
LCMLCM
LCM
LCMLCM
LCMLCM
LCM
LCMLCM
LCMLCM
LCM
LCMLCM
LCMLCM
LCM
LCMLCM
LCMLCM
LCM
LCMLCM
LCMLCM
LCM
EMC physical installationtrunk with all fibres cumulative number off splices on
EMC
EMC
n+1
n+1
n+1n+2
n+3n+4
n+9
n+14
n+19
n+24
n+29
JB EOCconn.
SPM
100 MHz Ethernetfor detector control
IC
?
?
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system3
basic DWDM outline
NIKHEFAntares
Project nr. 45000Januari 4, 2001/jh/rev2
shore side
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
λx6
λy6
λx0
λy0
λx1
λx2
λx3
λx4
λx5
λy1
λy2
λy3
λy4
λy5
100 MHz Ethernetfor detector control
e/o transmitter
o/e receiver
DW
DM
-mux
GbEswitch
GbEswitch
GbEswitch
GbEswitch
GbEswitch
GbEswitch
Dataprocess
50km seacablefrom/to detector
monitor
monitor
chxo
chyo
chy1
chy2
chy3
chy4
chy5
chx1
chx2
chx3
chx4
chx5
5 km SMF28
SWBC
SWBC
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system4
ANTARES DAQ
DWDM OVERVIEW
SYSTEM SPEC’s: in particular Laser and DWDM filters
FIBER generals, handling and endface preparation
NOTIFICATIONS on SPLICES AND CONNECTORS
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system5
Worst Case String design for 10 years end of lifetime
DWDM tolerances and channel spacing 400 GHZ
direct modulated DFB LASERS
APD receiver
Costs of the optical parts:
laser ~ € 1700 APD receiver ~ € 900DWDM filter ~ € 5100
> € 50 0000ne string2 x 7 lasers
2 x 7 receivers4 DWDM filters
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system6
Laser Initial: 0.1nmλ0 ±Laser with Aging: 0.1nmλ0 ±
DWDM Filter bandwidth: 0.8nm(min)Center wavelength accuracy λ0 ± 0.1nm
Temperature drift 3pm/K0C-65C included
i.e. ~0.2nm
λ0 λ0 +1.6nmλ0 -1.6nm
Laser
Filters
Optical Component Matching
3.2nm=400GHz
Laser with Aging and Modulation Chirp:λ0 ± 0.1nm
Laser total: λ0 ± 0.3nm
400GHz DWDM Systemexample: use ITU CHs: 21-25-29-33-37-41-45-49
1560nm------1538nmAlcatel cable: 1570nm-----1535nm
Worstcase Tolerances and Effects
nom+max
-max
@1550nm
full match=OK
IF
&
THEN
Laser Inital = +/- 50pm (tuning)
Filter BW = 0.9nm (20C-50C)
Laser Aging can be +/-0.2nm
NIKHEFAntares
26-02-01/pr
Wavelength accuracy 0.02 nmWavelength linearity 0.01 nmWavelength resolution 0.05 nm or less settings 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 nm
Result > 10 years mean time to failure
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system7
Passive networkAttenuationMaximum of inserted laser light power (~ 6 mW ~ 7dBm)
Loss of signal over the entire network (~ 26 dB)
Minimum S/N ratio for receiver (PIN based receiver sensetivity ca -24 dBm)(APD based receiver sensetivity ca: -32 dBm)
Reflectionparticular on connections (so called one time events)
First connection near Laser mainly introduces wavelength andamplitude instability
(not harmful for laser itself due to the optical isolator inside the butterfly case)
Reflections cause laser mode hopping and jitter in the network )
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system8
ANTARES DAQ
DWDM OVERVIEW
SYSTEM SPEC’s: particular Laser and DWDM filters
FIBER generals, handling and endface preparation
NOTIFICATIONS on SPLICES AND CONNECTORS
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system9
Article from http://www.tpub.com/
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system10
Fiber specific
Fiber specific
Windshield effect(vibration)
Lateral displacement
Angular misalignment
Air gap/end separation
End angle
Concentricity,
Fiber specific
Core mismatch
Numerical aperture mismatch
Cleave quality
Contamination (dirt or debris)
oval and radial misalignment125,00 µ
9,00 µ
Scaled
Core tolerances <1 µm
Pictures used from
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system11
Example of factory connector endface control
Optical Return Loss is a critical parameter to patch
cord manufacturing. One way that affect the optical
return loss of a connector is the vertex offset. Picture
above is interferometric fringes form from the ferrule
within the connector, it can show the vertex (apex) offset
of the fiber relative with the ferrule, under cut or
protrusion. With the help of our sophisticated
equipment, the quality of the connector made are under
control.
(splices require a cleave with 90º angle +/- 1º)
http://www.dctechnologies.com/Also control with a fiber microscope (200X to 400X) is possible
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system12
Fiber handling
Micro bending
Cracks
R > 40 mm
Micro bending
Many turns of minimum radiusdecrease the optical loss budget
Permanent knick
Optical loss and can finally break by fibration
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system13
PSU
150 mm
21 21
fiber handling and storage in Antares?
??
?
?
?
?
Prescription of fiber handling andfiber housing-prototyping is work for specialists!
How to strip and handle the entire cable
Selection of end sleeves
The length of fiber to be manipulated depends onthe connections to be used
Selection of the fiber storage tray
Beware of the Arc Fusion Splicer set up and calibration
etc.??
?
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system14
ANTARES DAQ
DWDM OVERVIEW
SYSTEM SPEC’s: particular Laser and DWDM filters
FIBER generals, endface preparation and handling
NOTIFICATIONS on CONNECTORS AND SPLICES
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system15
Statement ?
Optical connector
125,00 µ
9,00 µ
Scaled
Ideal connector does not solve alignment offiber specific tolerances(Exception the E2000 type)
Reflections (With APC better)
fiber cladding
F = 90 N
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system16
Optical connector
alignment sleeve to wide alignment sleeve
loss loss
reflection reflection
mechanical mismatch
dust, scratchesthus cleaning and/orprotected disconnections
also to manyinsertions
Alignment: besides the attribute of fiber tolerances, connector tolerances attribute to miss alignment and thermal expansion too
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system17
Optical connector
Figure 3. These endface imperfections may have no initial
adverse impact, but may grow over time and interfere with
optical performance.
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system18
Optical connector
Pushback or fiber pistoningcaused by shear force from two primary forces.
Glass deformation under pressureAdditional concern is that under stress silica bonds weaken in the presence of moisture
Vibration
Glass is very brittle (car wind shield effect)
Open fiber
sensitive to contamination
endface and contaminantsmainly in epoxy applied
connectors
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system19
Optical connector
Fiber core is not lined upThis results in not a maximum transfer. (more reflections and loss of light)
Faster aging referring to the fiber itself ? (extra if endface is not perfect)
Waterproof (example: dew point problems, glass softens with damp)
Once a connection is made, its specification can change
Respectful handling a fiber with an optical connector is easy
Need of a skilled technician for do’s and the don'ts with fiber!
Costs?
☺☺
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system20
Arc Fusion Splice
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system21
Arc Fusion Splice
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system22
Arc Fusion Splice
☺ Fiber core is lined up by fusion splicer control. (Inserting light in the fiber).This results in a maximum transfer. (Hardly no reflections and loss of light)
No extra aging referring to the fiber itself (ref: reliability of optical fibers andcomponents final report of cost 246)
Waterproof (example: no dew point problems, glass softens with damp)
Once a connection is made, its specification does not change anymore(after a splice failure easy to reconnect)
A fused fiber is less flexible in handling
Needs of a more skilled fiber technician c.q. engineer c.q. specialist !
Costs?
☺
☺☺
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system23
MY CONCLUSIONFIBER CONNECTOR FUSION SPLICE
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺
☺ +☺☺☺
+,
30-05-’01 DAQ DWDM system24
CONCLUSIONFIBER CONNECTOR FUSION SPLICE
☺ we are low on optical budget(Laser spec’s)
Transfer
☺ DWDM system designend of life > 10 yearsReliability
☺Waterproof
☺to riskyone point failure
Connection reliability
☺ Handling, testing
☺ Skills in fiber handling
Recommended