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7/30/2019 Dwdm Introduction
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Monday, May 20, 2013 ALTTC / TX-1 / WDMD N Sahay
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INTRODUCTION
TO DWDM
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(D)WDM : CONTENTS
THE NEED FOR DWDM :
FIBRE EXHAUST- ALTERNATIVES
THE CHALLENGE:
TAPPING THE UNLIMITED FIBRE BANDWIDTH
ACHIEVING THE NETWORKING FUNCTIONS IN THE OPTICAL DOMAIN
WDM APPROACH TO FIBRE EXHAUST
WDM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK SCHEMATIC
DIFFERENCES FROM CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM: THE AMPLIFIER FEATURES : AD(DISAD)VANTAGES
DWDM SYSTEMS AT PRESENT
OPTICAL AMPLITIERS
DWDM COMPONENTS
NMS
OPTICAL BANDS
STANDARD WAVELENGTHS: ITU GRID
DWDM APPLICATIONS :
BENEFIT TO OPERATORS
NEW ISSUES BEFOR PLANNERS
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FIBRE EXHAUST
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
transmitter
2.5-Gbit/s2.5 Gbit/s
2.5 Gbit/s
reciever
LAY NEW FIBRE AND PUT NEW SYSTEMS
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FIBRE EXHAUST
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
transmitter
2.5-Gbit/s
2.5 Gbit/s
2.5 Gbit/s
reciever
INSTAL HIGHER BITRATE TDM
EXPENSIVE, NEW FIBRE NEEDED
10-Gbit/s 10-Gbit/s10-Gbit/s
transmitter regenerator reciever
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FIBRE EXHAUST
DEPLOY DWDM
2.5-Gbitt/s
transmitter
M
U
X
D
E
M
U
X
10-Gbit/s 10-Gbit/s10-Gbit/s
transmitter regenerator reciever
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
2.5- Gbit/s
transmitter
2.5-Gbit/s
2.5 Gbit/s
2.5 Gbit/s
reciever
2.5- Gbit/sreciever
2
1
3
4
2
1
3
4
2.5- Gbit/sreciever
2.5- Gbit/sreciever
2.5- Gbit/sreciever
2.5-Gbitt/stransmitter
2.5-Gbitt/s
transmitter
2.5-Gbitt/s
transmitter
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EVOLUTION OF DWDM
Late
1990s
64-160 channels
25-50 GHZ spacing
Mid1990s
16-40 channels 100-200 GHz spacing
Dense WDM, integrated systems withNetwork Management, add-drop functions.
Early
1990s
2-8 channels passive
WDM 200-400 GHz spacing
WDM components/parts
Late
1980s
2 channels Wideband
WDM 1310 nm, 1550 nm
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ACHIEVING HIGHER BANDWIDTH
THREE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
INSTAL NEW FIBRE
INVEST IN NEW TDMTECHNOLOGIES TO
ACHIEVE HIGHER
BANDWIDTH. DEPLOY DWDM
EXPENSIVE
VERYEXPENSIVE
REQUIRE NEW
TYPE FIBRE
ECONOMICA
L
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THE CHALLENGE:Continuous growth in trafficCALLS FOR TAPPING THE UNUTILIZED BANDWIDTH OF THE MEDIA
ACHIEVE NETWORKING FUNCTIONS (ROUTING etc) IN OPTICAL DOMAIN
JUST LIKE WIDENING OF ROAD USING AVAILAB.E LAND TO MEET INCREASED TRAFFIC
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DWDM BASICS
SINGLE FIBRE
SDH OPTICAL SIGNALS
NEW REQUIREMENTS:
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BLOCK SCHEMATIC
Tx RxMUX DEMUX
OFAWD
M
W
D
M
2.
.
.
.
1
16
TRANSPONDERS
OPTICAL
SIGNALS.
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
ATM
IP
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Wayside Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
TM TMWDM
MUX
WDM
DEMU
X2
15
16
1
1-4 5-8
O
A
O
A
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Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexing
1 12 2 2 2
Configurable
OADM :1 or2
1 12 2 2 2
1 1
fixed OADM:
2
OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
Terminal Equipt Terminal EquiptIn-Line Amplifier
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OADM Connectivity
29 express ch
32 ch
WDM
Omnibus
From terminal to OADM, or from
OADM to OADM
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DIFFERENCES FROM OLD SYSTEM
REGs
FIBRES REQUIREMENT
LASERS TYPES OF COMPONENTS
CAPACITY
FIBRE TRANSMISSION BEHAVIOUR
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ADVANTAGES OF DWDM
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Why Optical (DWDM) Networking?
Fibre Exhaust : Unlimited bandwidth on a fibre pair
Bit Rate Transparency
Format/Protocol Transparency : IP, ATM etc. Efficient use and rearrangement of embedded optical
capacity as per demand.
Minimal Capital Expenditure : Capacity Expansions
Demand Simpler Operations : Embedded DCC ---> Limited Nes -->
Alarm Storm
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Economics of WDM
Saving of regeneration costs:
one optical amplifier for many channels regeneration
cost per channel drastically reduced Saving of fibres/fibre shortage
Cost effective compared to laying new fibres
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DWDM Components
Transmit
Receive
Repeater Add Drop
Distribution: Cross connects
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OPTICAL NETWORK ELEMENTS
TP
TP OA
ODEM
UX
OMUX
OADM OXC
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TRANSPONDER / TRANSLATOR /
WAVELENGTH CONVERTOR
O/E E/OElectricalREGENERATION
OPTIONAL
REGENERATOR
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Optical Multiplexers & Filters
W\L FILTER
W\L
MULTIPLEXER
W\L ROUTER
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OPTICAL ADD DROP MUX
COUPLER
D M
CIRCULATOR
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OPTICAL CROSSCONNECT
SWITCH
MATRIX
TTTT
T
TTT
WAVELENGTH
ADAPTATIONTRIBUTARY
LINKS
INPUT
FIBRE
LIN
KS
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OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
Pump
laser
Pump
laser
Erbium-doped
Fiber-(10-50 m)
Isolator
Coupler Coupler
Isolator
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NMS FOR DWDM SYSTEMS
NMS IN CONVENTIONAL SDH SYSTEMS:
DCC: TIME SLOTS
DWDMNO TIME SLOTS
WAVELENGTH SLOTS
ONE WAVELENGTH IS DEDICATED FOR N.M.S.
OPTICAL SUPERVISORY CHANNEL
OSC needs to be accessed at all points in the network
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Optical Supervisory Channel
(OSC)Line Terminal Equipment In-line Amplifier
Tx 1
Tx 2
Tx 3
Tx 4
Tx 5
Tx 6
Tx 7
Tx 8
D
ATAIN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Rx
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Line Terminal Equipment
+ supervisory
Tx sup
System Control
Processor
Rx Tx
OSC
Network Management Network Management
System Control
Processor
Rx sup
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OPTICAL BANDS
EXTENSIVE USE OF WAVELENGTHS
DIFFERENT VENDORS:INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES
NEED FOR STANDARD WAVELENGTH VALUES
ITU Classification of bands
Standard values : ITU Grid
Center frequency: 193.10THz (1552.52 nm)
Standard spacings of 200, 100, 50 GHz for different applications
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ITU-T BAND ALLOCATION
Optical
Supervisory
channel
1500 1520 1530 1542 1547 1560 1620
RED
BAND
C BAND L BAND
BLUE
BAND
CBAND PRODUCTS ARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE.ERBIUM DOPED FIBRE AMPLIFIERS SUITABLE FOR
C BAND.
GAIN IN RED BAND FLATTEST FOR EDFA. SOME MANUFACTURERS PROVIDE 16 CHANNELS IN
RED BAND ONLY. OTHERS USE BOTH RED
& BLUE BANDS.
ITU T G 692 Frequency Grid
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Nominal
Central
(THz)
Central
(nm)
Nominal
Central
(THz)
Central
(nm)
Nominal
Central
(THz)
Central
(nm)
196.1 1528.77 194.7 1539.77 193.3 1550.92
196.0 1529.55 194.6 1540.56 193.2 1551.72
195.9 1530.33 194.5 1541.35 193.1 1552.52
195.8 1531.12 194.4 1542.14 193.0 1553.33
195.7 1531.90 194.3 1542.92 192.9 1554.13
195.6 1532.68 194.2 1543.73 192.8 1554.94
195.5 1533.47 194.1 1544.53 192.7 1555.75
195.4 1534.25 194.0 1545.32 192.6 1556.55
195.3 1535.04 193.9 1546.12 192.5 1557.36
195.2 1535.82 193.8 1546.92 192.4 1558.17
195.1 1536.61 193.7 1547.72 192.3 1558.98
195.0 1537.40 193.6 1548.51 192.2 1559.79
194.9 1538.19 193.5 1549.32 192.1 1560.61
194.8 1539.77 193.4 1550.12
ITUT G.692 Frequency Grid
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LIMITATIONS
DWDM TRANSMISSION IS ANALOG.THE IN LINE AMPLIFIERS AREALSO ANALOG.THIS IMPLIES THAT THE SIGNAL TO
NOISE RATIO WORSENS WITHDISTANCE.
TO KEEP THE BER WITHIN LIMITS,THE SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED TO BE
3R PROCESSED IN ELECTRICALDOMAIN.
FIBRE DISPERSION IS ANOTHERLIMITATION.
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LIMITATIONS
THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE IS 640 KmsMADE OF 8 SPANS OF 80 Kms. THE
ASSUMPTIONS ARE:
* FIBRE ATT INCLUDING SPLICELOSS IS 0.28 dB/km
* SPAN LOSS OF 22 dB.
* TOTAL DISPERSION IS LESSTHAN 12800 ps/nm.
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Long DistanceLonger Regenerator spacing: Hundreds toThousands of Kilometers
Saving of Regenerators
Very Low Bandwidth Cost
Scalability
Very Fast Commissioning of Optical Paths:
Within a week as compared to several months/year with old technologies
Advanced Networking Capabilities
New Applications with DWDM
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Metropolitan Area Network
Unlimited Bandwidth, bit rate and format
transparencyEfficient Bandwidth use and Management
New Applications with DWDM
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High speed parallel Data TransportCertain Computer Applications Require that
Computer Centres be interconnected with
multiple high speed channels that have capacity
and availability requirements, as well as
interlink delay restrictions that can not be met
by TDM Transport Systems.
In General, DWDM Optical Transport Benefitsall Delay Sensitive Applications
New Applications with DWDM
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Wavelength LeasingNetwork Customers are beginning to demand
high capacity Network Transport that affords
high reliability and security, as well as
segmentations from the providers Network
A spare Wavelength (Leased ) is used to
provide clear-channel transport to a customer
The Customers Bandwidth requirements arecleanly separated from the providers core
Network Needs.
New Applications with DWDM
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Thank You
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