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DRUGS AND EFFECTS. Colorado Springs Police Department Metro Vice, Narcotics and Intelligence Officer Teresa Schutz. / Rev. 2-02. MDMA - Ecstasy. Also known as: XTC X E Pill Roll Clarity Love Drug Hug Drug Disco Biscuits - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DRUGS AND EFFECTS
Colorado Springs Police
Department
Metro Vice, Narcotics and Intelligence
Officer Teresa Schutz
/ Rev. 2-02
MDMA - Ecstasy
• Also known as:– XTC– X– E– Pill– Roll– Clarity– Love Drug– Hug Drug– Disco Biscuits– Lover’s Speed
MDMA - Ecstasy
History of MDMA - Ecstasy • First created in 1912• Used as an appetite suppressant• In 1950s its was studied for use
in chemical warfare• 1985 - US Government regulated
it as a Schedule I Controlled Substance– No medicinal value, highly addictive
• 1990s - Studies reveal Ecstasy causes brain damage
Manufacturing/Distribution of Ecstasy
• Combined effects similar to methamphetamine (speed) and mescaline (hallucinogen)
• Made in Europe, mostly in the Netherlands
• Some labs now in US• Costs approx $15-30 a
dose
What does Ecstasy look like?
• Mostly in tablets, some found in capsules
• Tablets come with many different logos and colors and are named accordingly
• Teen age girl in Boulder dies from a single Ecstasy pill -- Four Leaf Clover
- Adam
- Anker
- Barney
- Batman
- Camel
What does Ecstasy look like?
Symptoms of MDMA - Ecstasy
• Initial effects felt in 30-45 minutes
• Peak effects felt in 60-90 minutes
• Duration of effects last 4 to 6 hours
Physical Symptoms - Ecstasy• During Use
– Dry mouth– Bruxism - the grinding of
teeth and jaws, sometime to the extent of breaking teeth
– Muscle tension– Blurred vision– Rapid Eye Movement– Nausea and faintness
– Increased heart rate– Tingling sensations– Increased body
temperature - known to go as high as 117oF
• High risk for heat stroke• Dehydration
Ecstasy Use
Crash
Normal Coping
Pharmacology of MDMA - Ecstasy
• Ecstasy causes the brain to release all stored Serotonin into the brain at once (extreme high)
• Serotonin and the neurons that produce it “play a direct role in regulating aggression, mood, sexual activity, sleep and sensitivity to pain.”*
• In some, normal Serotonin levels may never be recuperated and the neurons that spread it throughout the brain may be destroyed or blocked
*According to the NIDA - National Institute of Drug Abuse
Consequences of the Brain - Ecstasy
• Acne like rash• Severe liver and kidney
damage• May alter motor skills
permanently - similar to Parkinson’s disease
• Permanent, long-term brain damage
• Short term memory loss NIDA PHOTO
Ecstasy UserNormal Brain
Positron Emission Photography
Red area shows normal Serotonin activity
Dark area shows far lower Serotonin levels that may contribute to brain damage.
Use of MDMA - Ecstasy
• Users “Piggyback” or “Stack” Ecstasy– Multiple doses taken before
effects are felt– More taken before effects
wear off– Leads to overdose/death– Ravers tend not call EMS for
users who collapse – “Kitty Flipping” - ravers use
Ketamine & Ecstasy
– “Candy Flipping” - use LSD & Ecstasy
– “Hippy Flipping” - use Mushrooms & Ecstasy
GHB - Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid
• Also known as:– Grievous Bodily Harm
– Scoop
– “G”
– GH Beers
– GH Buddy
– Georgia Home Boy
– Gamma O
– EZ-Lay
– Liquid X or E
– Blue Verve
History of GHB
• Originated as a sleep aid and muscle enhancer
• 1980s - marketed as supplement in health stores
• 1990 FDA issued advisory calling GHB unsafe
• 2000 - Listed as Schedule I Controlled Substance– No medicinal value, highly addictive
What does GHB look like?• Colorless, odorless liquid, also
tablets and capsules• Easy to conceal
– Liquid or ice cubes of GHB are secretly put in drinks, alcohol, juice, water
– Sold in one drop doses at Raves
• Will foam like soap when shaken• Used as a Date Rape drug• Formerly marketed as GBL
which the body metabolizes into GHB (2002 DEA Arrests)
Effects of GHB
• Lower Doses– Depresses Central
Nervous System– Users appear drunk– Relaxed, generally
happy– More Sociable– Uninhibited
• Higher Doses– Nausea– Vomiting– Dizziness– Sleepiness– Loss of consciousness– Muscle spasms
Pharmacology of GHB• Usual dosage is a capful, about 1/2 teaspoon.• Effects are felt from 10 minutes to an hour and
last 2-3 hours.• Many deaths have occurred by overdose when
users take more before the effects are felt.• Overdose can cause loss of consciousness due
to respiratory distress and decreased heart rate.
GHB Analogs - Look-alikes, Act-alikes
• Illegal GHB analogs are increasingly common - do not require cooking
• Here’s a good opportunity to show what they do….
1,4 butanediol
Within 1-2 minutes, the styrofoam cup had disintegrated. Residue on the chemist’s fingers removed some of the finish on the camera too.
Watch What Happens!
Manufacturing and Distribution - GHB
• Main ingredients commonly used for manufacturing are sold as:– Furniture Cleaner
– Ink Jet Cleaner
– Floor Stripper
– Body Builder Enhancer
Hydrochloric Acid
Stored in Trash and Gasoline Cans
Consequences of GHB
• Extremely addictive• Recovery requires 2-3 weeks in intensive
care, supervised by a doctor. • Potency levels vary from “cook” to “cook” so
effects of drug are unpredictable per dose.• Stimulates sexually oriented behavior, often
interpreted as “willing” behavior. Victims may not remember sexual assault or experience.
Ketamine Hydrocholoride
• Also known as:– K– Special K– Ket– Vitamin K– Ketaset– Ketalar– Ketajet
What Does Ketamine Look Like?
• Comes in prescription type bottles
• Cooked into a white powder form for snorting
• Made legally in the USA by pharmaceutical companies
• FDA categorizes Ketamine as a Class III Controlled Substance
Pharmacology of Ketamine
• A “dissociative” anesthetic– Separates perception from sensation
• Originally used as a human anesthetic • Principally used as a veterinary anesthetic• Strong pain reliever• Hallucinogenic Effect
– Onset is within 10-20 minutes
• Produces effects similar to PCP with visual effects similar to LSD
• In lower doses, symptoms are similar to nitrous oxide– Floaty, light - mild, dreamy, feeling slightly
outside your body.• In higher doses - users feel very far away from
their body• Most users remain seated or lying down while
using• Hallucinogenic effects last up to one hour• Impairing effects last 18-24 hours after use
Symptomology of Ketamine
Symptomology of Ketamine
• Lower doses of Ketamine can increase heart rate
• Higher doses depress consciousness and breathing
• Dangerous to combine with Depressants such as alcohol, GHB, and Valium
Consequences of Ketamine
• Extremely psychologically addicting
• Can lead to Neurosis, flashbacks
• Depression
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide - LSD
• Also known as: – Acid– Big D– Gel Tabs – Ticket– Paper & Paper Acid– Dots, Microdot– Blotter & Blotter Acid– Pyramids– California Sunshine– Blue Heaven– Sunshine
History of LSD
• Most potent hallucinogen known to man.
• Once studied as treatment for mental illness because it is structurally similar to a chemical in the brain that effects psychosis.
• Once prevalent in the 1960s and 1970s - has made a resurgence in the 1990s
Pharmacology of LSD
• Oral doses as little as 0.025 mg. (25 micrograms, same as a few grains of salt) can produce hallucinations.
• Standard dose is 20-80 micrograms. A high dosage can last 10-12 hours.
• Initial effects are felt in 30-60 minutes
• One ounce of LSD is enough for 567,000 hits of 50 micrograms each.
• $5-20 a dose
What does LSD look like?
• LSD is absorbed transdermally - through the skin
• Normally given on blotter paper that is placed on the skin or tongue
• Different designs and colors can be on pills, vitamins, aspirin, etc.
• Can be injected, never smoked.
Symptoms of LSD
• Mental– Hallucinogenic state – Distorted perception of
time, depth, movement and sight.
– Hear colors, see sounds.
– Mind creates images that aren’t there, good or bad depending on mental state.
Consequences of LSD
• Long Term– Acute anxiety– Depression– Flashbacks– Brain damage
• Schizophrenia – Psychologically
addictive– Tolerance developed in
3-6 days of use• Need more and more
• Short Term– Dilated pupils– Goosebumps– Profuse perspiration– Higher body temperature– Increased blood sugar– Nausea– Rapid heart rate– Extreme mood swings– Hallucinogenic state– Distorted perception of time,
depth, movement and sight• “Hear” color, “see” sound
• DEATH
Methamphetamine– AKA: Speed, Meth, crystal,
crank – Illegally manufactured in home
made labs– Central nervous system
stimulant– Schedule II Controlled
Substance
Here’s what it can do:
The same person over 14 years…
Here’s another example:
Arrest Date: 09-15-1999
Arrest Date: 11-22-1999
2
Months
Later
Arrest Date: 07-30-2000
10
Months
Later
Arrest Date: 08-26-2000
11
Months
Later
Arrest Date: 10-06-2000
1
Year
Later
Arrest Date: 03-21-2001
18
Months
Later
Meth use has devastating effects….
9-15-99 18 Months Later
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