Drug Endangered Children and Drug Identification

Drug Endangered Childrenand Drug Identification

What is a drug endangered child?

A child who lives in a place with no heat

A child who smokes pot with his parents

A child left alone with no supervision

A child in need of medical attention

Drug Endangered Children

Children who suffer physical or psychological harm or neglect resulting from exposure to an environment where adults are manufacturing, selling, or using drugs.

Neglected & Abused Children

50% more likely to be arrested as juveniles

40% more likely to be arrested for a violent crime as adults

33% more likely to become substance abusers

US Department of Justice

Drugs of Abuse

Most Commonly Abused Drug

Legal Drug

Commonly Abused Drugs

Marijuana

Commonly Abused Drugs

Methamphetamine

Commonly Abused Drugs

Prescription Drugs

Commonly Abused Drugs

Cocaine

Drugs Of Abuse

Heroin

Drugs Of Abuse

MDMA (Ecstasy)

Drugs Of Abuse

GHB

Drugs Of Abuse

LSD

Drugs Of Abuse

Inhalants

Drugs Of Abuse

Dextromathorithan

Drugs of Abuse

Fentanyl

Drug Schedules Schedule I

Heroin, Ecstasy, Marijuana , LSD, Rohypnol

Schedule IICocaine, Ritalin, PCP, Fentanyl, OxyContin, Percocet, Morphine, Methamphetamine

Schedule IIIKetamine, Vicodine, Loritab, Tylenol 3

Schedule IVXanax, Librium, Valium, Phenobarbital, Darvocet

Schedule VCough suppressants

MarijuanaThe most commonly

abused illicit drug in the U.S.

A dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves.

Is a schedule I drug under the controlled substance act.

Smuggled in from Mexico and Canada.

Domestically grown.

Grass, Pot, Weed, Bud,

Reefer, Cannabis

Marijuana

Short term effects

– Increased heart rate– Loss of coordination– Difficulty in thinking

and problem solving– Distorted perception– Time passes slowly– Anxiety and panic

attacks– Dry mouth

Long term effects

– Respiratory problems (cough and phlegm)

– Symptoms of chronic bronchitis

– Difficulty in registering, processing and using information

– Difficulty sustaining attention

What to look for . . .

Prescription Drug Abuse

The DEA calls this pharmaceutical diversion

20% of the U.S. population have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons in their lifetime.

How is it done?1. Illegal sale and

distribution by health care professionals and worker

2. “Doctor shopping”3. Employee theft4. Forged

prescriptions5. Internet

Three classes of most commonly abused prescription drugs

Opioids are prescribed to treat pain (OxyContin)

CNS depressants are prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders (Valium)

Stimulants – are prescribed to treat narcolepsy and ADHD (Ritalin)

Prescription Drug Abuse

What are the brand names of some of these drugs?Painkillers: Vicodin, Tylenol w/ Codeine,

OxyContin, Percocet

Depressants: Klonopin Nembutal, Soma, Valium, Xanax

Stimulants: Adderall, Concerta, Dexedrine, Ritalin

OTC’s Coricidin HBP Cough and Cold, Robitussin, Vicks Formula 44 Cough Relief

Pharm Party 

At a “pharm party,” teens share and mix various prescription medications, especially painkillers (OxyContin and Vicodin); tranquilizers (Xanax and Valium), stimulants (Ritalin and adderall); and sedatives.

Alcohol is often added to the “cocktail,” increasing the danger.

What to look for . . . .

Constricted pupils, slurred speech, flushed skin, sweating, and loss of appetite

Personality changes, moods swings, irritability, sleepiness or avoiding sleep, forgetfulness

Increasingly secretive, losing interest in personal appearance, changes at school

Cocaine Cocaine is a naturally

derived central nervous system stimulant extracted and refined from the Coca plant

It is an intense euphoric drug with strong addictive potential

Cocaine is typically a white-ish powder with a bitter, numbing taste.

Is a schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack, Nose Candy

CocaineThe powdered,

hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected.

Crack is the free base form of cocaine. It is not water soluble, but volatile. This form comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked.

CocaineInitial effects: Hyperactivity Restlessness Increased blood

pressure Increased heart rate

Short term effects: Increased focus Excitation Euphoria Sexual arousal Insomnia Decreased appetite

Negative effects: Increased body

temperature and heart rate

Agitation and anxiety Paranoia Dizziness Nausea/vomiting Violent behavior Increased risk for

heart attacks Strokes Respiratory problems

What to look for . . .

Heroin Heroin is processed from

morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant.

Heroin usually appears as a white or a brown powder

Is a schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Smack, Thunder, Junk,

Mexican black tar

Heroin withdrawalDrug cravingRestlessnessMuscle and bone

pain InsomniaDiarrheaVomitingCold flashes with

goose bumps (cold turkey)

Kicking movements (kicking the habit)

Heroin Treatment

Methadone maintenance treatment programs

Substance abuse counseling

Psychosocial therapies

Supportive services

What is inhalant abuse?

Deliberate inhalation of fumes, vapors or gases to “get high”

Inhalants are poisons to the body

Quick intoxication with serious health consequences.

It’s like a quick drunk. It effects the same receptors that alcohol does.

Who knows about Inhalant Abuse?

Who doesn't know about Inhalant Abuse?

Why do kids abuse inhalants?

Because they can

Because they’re bored

Because they’re upset

In short, for any reason or no reason

They don’t have to have money

They don’t have to have transportation

They don’t have to have the ability to get the drugs

In short, they have access

How it’s Done Sniffing from a container, bag, cans or clothing

Huffing - Inhaling from a chemical soaked rag, open container or balloon

Bagging - Putting a bag over one’s head and huffing

For maximum effect, children inhale deeply and then take several more short breaths

Commonly Product/Potential Inhalants Gases

Nitrous oxide, helium, refrigerants, propane

Solvents and FuelsButane, nail polish remover, paint thinner, correction fluid, permanent markers, gasoline

AerosolsSpray paint, hair spray, air freshener, dust-off

AdhesivesModel airplane glue, rubber cement, PVC cement

FoodsCooking spray, aerosol whipped cream topping

Cleaning AgentsSpot remover, degreaser

Among teens aged 12 to 17, 20.9% used illegal drugs in the past year.

(age) 12-13 14-15 16-17

Inhalants 45.5% 25.1% 12.4%

Painkillers 36.5% 34.2% 35.2%

Marijuana 28.4% 66.2% 81.4%

Other 9.8% 26.3% 34.2%The National Inhalant Prevention Coalition & SAMSHA, 2007

Immediate Effects

DizzinessDisorientationEmotional volatilityLoss of coordinationDistortion of perceptionCognitive impairmentHallucinationsLightheadednessDiminished sensitivity to painSlurred speechLoss of inhibitions

Medical Consequences

Asphyxiation- displacing oxygen in the lungs

Suffocation – blocking air from entering the lungs (bag over head)

Convulsions or seizures – abnormal electrical discharges in the brain

Choking- from inhalation of vomitFatal injury- accidents while highDeath

Inhalant Abuse Emergencies

Remove the source of chemicals from around the nose and mouth

Call 911. Turn person on side to prevent aspiration of vomit

If not breathing, administer CPRVentilate the areaDo not excite, scare, shock, upset

or chase the personTry to identify the inhalant

What to look for:Household cans left in child’s bedroom

or going through an item too fastPain around the mouth or on the

tongueUpset stomach or throwing up with no

know reason foundChange in behaviorPassing outA chemical odorDeath

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant drug which induces a strong feeling of euphoria (similar to adrenaline) and is highly addictive.

Can be injected, snorted, smoked or taken orally

Is a schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Speed, Meth, Ice, Crystal, Chalk, Crank, Go-Fast

Meth comes in two formsPOWDER

The powder form is usually white, odorless and bitter-tasking, and can be snorted, smoked, eaten, dissolved in a drink and ingested, or heated and injected.

ROCK The purer form of the

drug, called “crystal”, “glass” and “ice” appears as clear, chunky crystals that are usually smoked or injected

What meth does for the user

Repeated use damages the dopamine producing cells in the brain !!!!!!!!!!

What to look for . . . Appearance

Mouth: User may develop “meth mouth” – extreme tooth decay

Skin: Infected sores or “meth bugs” appear and are slow to heal

Body weight: User may experience dramatic weight loss, anorexia, malnutrition

What to look for . . . Behavioral

May act euphoric

– Jittery

– Nervous

– Confused

– ViolentIncessant talkingParanoidErratic sleep

patternsRepetitious

behavior

The meth cycle of abuse

Binge(3-15 days)

Crash(up to 3 days)

High(4–16 hours)

Making methProcess to make meth is easy and accessible. There are several ways of making meth, most of

which require the use of caustic chemicals such as lye, ether, acetone, and phosphorus

The two major methods are the red phosphorous method or the anhydrous ammonia method

Hundreds of recipes on the internetStart with extracting the active ingredient,

ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, from over the counter drugs

Average meth “cook” teaches ten other people how to make meth annually

Indicators of a meth manufacturing:

ChemicalsEphedrine tablets – cold medicineAcetone – finger nail polish removerRed Phosphorus – match striker platesIodine – antiseptic (merthiolate)Sulfuric Acid – drain cleanerHydrochloric acid – concrete cleanerMethyl alcohol/methanol – gas line

antifreeze (heet)Coleman/camp fuel used for extraction

Indicators of a meth manufacturing:

Household equipmentBurner platesCoffee filtersGlass bottlesPlastic jugsPyrex dishesFunnelsAquarium tubingChemical Test

Tubes

If you Suspect a Meth Lab

Remain calm. Give yourself time to think.Do NOT approach the suspects. They are

often armed and may be dangerousDo NOT enter the lab area. If you are in the lab already, find an excuse to

leave immediately. If you are in a lab already, do not touch or turn

off anything.Keep a safe distance. Hazardous materials may

ignite or the fumes may overcome you.Promptly notify law enforcement

Being a good parent is a tough job.

Being a good parent on drugs is impossible

Andrea Darr

WV DEC Coordinator

WV Prosecuting Attorneys Institute

90 MacCorkle Ave., SW

South Charleston, WV 25303

304-558-3348 phone

Andrea.l.darr@wv.gov

Many thanks to the Marathon County Sheriff’s Department in Wisconsin for the Making Meth video used in this power point presentation