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Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER
A disaster is a sudden, extraordinary calamity or catastrophe which affects or threatens health.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER
It is an ecological disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected community.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER
Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
HAZARDAny phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment Disasters cause great harm to the existing infrastructure and threaten the future of sustainable development
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER A. 1. NATURAL 2. Man Made
B. Meteorological
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Metrological disasters
Storms (hurricanes, cyclones) cold spells, heat waves, drought and smong.
Topological disasters:Floods, avalanches, landslides.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Telluric and tectonic disasters:Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Accidents:Failure of structures like dams, tunnels, buildings, mine explosions, fires, collisions, shipwrecks, train crashes, poison entering water supply systems.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Natural
There are many types of disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tidal waves, land-slides, volcanic eruptions,
Tornadoes, fires, hurricanes, snow storms, severe air pollution (smog), heat waves, famines, epidemics, building collapse, toxicologic accidents (e.g. release of hazardous substances), nuclear accidents and warfare etc
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
MAN MADE DISASTERS
Sudden disasters Insidious disasters Wars and civil conflicts
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Classification of Injuries
Morbidity which results from a disaster situation can be classified into four types
a. Injuries; b. Emotional stress; c. Epidemic of disease; and d. Increase in indigenous diseases.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Extent of InjuriesThe relative number of injuries and deaths differ, depending on the following of factors
Type of disaster, The density and distribution of the population, Condition of the environment, Degree of the preparedness Opportunity of the warning. Injuries usually exceed death in explosions,
earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, fires, tornadoes.
Death frequently exceeds injuries in landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves, floods.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Extent of Injuries
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Magnitude and effect of a disaster
It can be found by evaluating some related results. These are:
Loss of or damage to human and animal life. Disruption of community services like electricity,
gas, water supply, sewerage system, communications, food supply, public health services.
Spread of communicable diseases. Disruption of normal activities. Destruction of or damage to private and public
property.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management:
a. Disaster preparedness b. Disaster response c. Disaster mitigation
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Disaster Preparedness
PRE-DISASTER ADMINISTRATION:
Disasters can be managed by coordinated activities of different disciplines and sectors.
P=Planning; O=Organizing; S=Staffing; D=Directing; CO=Coordinating; R=Reporting; B=Budgeting.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Planning
Planning is a vital part of pre-disaster activities. It has three steps:
Determining the available resources and the situation.
Defining the objectives. Deciding the policy and action during a
disaster.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Organization
The job descriptions of the staff must be clear.
The assistants must discuss each decision to be taken with the disaster coordinator.
Another important point is to decide on the two way communications (warning, feedback) between the highest and the lowest levels of the organization.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
ORGANIZATION
It should always be kept in mind during the planning phase that the most important factor for successful disaster management is communication.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Directions
Objectives Command and control structure Limits of authority and responsibility Duties and lines of communication Channels for requesting and supplying
additional resources Operation details
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Co-ordinationCo-ordination in and between team
needs special attention. The staff may need some time to get to know each other and to adapt themselves to communication and coordination systems which may be new to them. They must ve trained to work together.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
Main duties of health team
First aid. Emergency care. Ambulatory care. Patient referral.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
BIO-TERRORISM DISASTER
Due to availability of biological weapons there is threat to mankind. There will be not only mass killing but there will be a continuous damage to the coming generation.
Appropriate measures for prevention of such a disaster are through International Collaboration for Peace among nations with a firm commitment to “LIVE AND LET LIVE”.
Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Malik
THANKS
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