DRILLING FLUID Presentation -Topshot

8/13/2019 DRILLING FLUID Presentation -Topshot

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DRILLING FLUID/MUD

CIRCULATING SYSTEM AN

TREATING EQUIPMENTS

Basics of Circulation

1.Mud begins in the pump

2.Pumped up through thetop of the well into the

drill bit.3.At the bottom of the wellthe fluid is turned aroundand flows back up outside

the drill bit.

4.A system of filters clearsthe mud of impurities.

5.Mud is stored in the mudtank until it gets pulled

into the pump.

Mud Pump Heart of the system

Smooth operation (minimal bursts or

lags in fluid)Designed to be simple, easy to

maintain, and operate

High pressure

Varying flow rates

Can be linked up with multiple pumps

to increase flow rate or pressureIf failure occurs can cause blow outs,

explosions, etc.

Due to the nature of the accidents,there are generally multiple pumps

on any job.

HOW IT WORKS

Shown is a common piston pump(layout for the pump on the

previous slide)

1. Tank for the mud to go intowhen the pump is on the push

stroke

2. Flow check valves that preventthe fluid from flowing

backwards.

3. Dampening element designedto balance flow rate.

4. A seal that converts themechanical force of the piston

to the fluid.

5. Piston

6. Shaft for the engine to turn.

Pump Parameters • Displacement

• Calculated in Liters per Minute

• The larger the diameter of the hofaster it is drilled the greater amocuttings to remove. More cuttingsmore mud and more displacemenpump.

• Typical drilling speed is .4 meter 1 meter per minute

• Pressure

• Pressure varies upon multiple thin

•Larger diameter holes require moto maintain.

• Deeper holes require more pressretrieve cuttings.

• Different formations require differcharacteristics and different press

Stand Pipe andKelly Hose

Standpipe runs up the length ofthe rig to the Rotary hose

The rotary hose also known asa Kelly hose) is a flexiblesteel reinforced hole that

transmits the mud from thestandpipe to the drill pipe.

Once the mud travels down the drillpipe it exits the drill pipe and is

forced to turn around

The mud travels back up to the

surface through a space betweenthe drill string and the boreholewall

This space between the drill stringand the borehole is referred to as

the Annulus

When the mud traveling up theAnnulus is when the fluid

characteristics and mud do the mostwork.

Mud and uttings

Mud remove the cuttings

Cuttings must be removed from thewell to prevent the bit from locking

Heavy cuttings require a denser mudto push the cuttings up the hole

Mud preserves the cuttingsThe mud preserves the chemical

composition of the cuttings

The chemical compositions arecritical for mud engineers to

analyze and determine what toadd to the well

Mud suspends the cuttings

During maintenance of the bit orwhen extending the drill pipe, themud prevents the cuttings from

falling back down the well.

M d t it

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/drilling-fluid-presentation-topshot 11/31Mud and Drill Bit

Mud transmit powerHydraulic power for the rotation of the drill

bit is transmitted through the mudpumps

Power for the equipment is generatedthrough the mud pumps

Mud Lubricate and Protect Drill Bit

Chemicals in the mud help to lubricatethe drill bit and prevent corrosion.

Failure to lubricate creates air bubblesfrom the corrosion and the possibility of

explosions.

Mud provides cooling for the drill bit as itdrills through formations.

Supports the Drill BitBuoyancy forces help to lift the drill bit up

This removes a portion of the weight off ofthe drilling structure

Mud and Formations • Seals Permeable formations

• Seals off formations that the dnot want to penetrate; IE Wate

• Creates a thin wall that prevefrom flowing into the well or mflowing out

• Maintains Wellbore Stability

• Prevents the well from cavingor becoming irregular

• Large holes are more difficultand cause low annular flow ra

• Controls formation pressures

• Maintains control of the well

fluids moving in and out of wecontrolled

• Minimizes Formation damage

• When approaching the oil regimaintains the porosity and peof the well.

Mud and

Cement

Two plugs are sent downwith a cement slurry in-

between them.

Mud provides the drivingforce when pushing thiscement down the hole.

Upon reaching the bottomof the hole the pumps

are stopped to allow thecement to dry.

Shale Shaker

First part offiltration/mud

preparation systemUsed to remove large

soids and cuttingsfromthe mud

Failure of shale shakercan cause backup in

the system or largesolids to get by and

damage othercomponents in the

system

How it works

“Dirty” Mud is loaded intoHopper (Back Tank)

Feeds down across theScreening Surface

Vibrations separate the FineSolids and liquids from the

Coarse Solids

Large particles get dumpedinto the Collection Pan

Liquid Mud and Finer Solidsdrop down below and

continue on

Degasser

Used to remove gases from thesystem

Failure to remove gassescauses pumps to fail early

(best case) or blow outs andhuman causalities (not bestcase)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/drilling-fluid-presentation-topshot 17/31How it works

“Gassed” mud flows intothe Degasser

Baffles in the Degassercreate a negative

pressureNegative pressure in the

system pulls gasses out

Degassed mud flows out

Gas is released into theatmosphere or burned

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/drilling-fluid-presentation-topshot 18/31How it works

“Dirty” mud enters the cyclonechamber

Centripetal force pushes the solidsdown the cyclone chamber out

to the screen box

Clean mud is pushed up thecyclone then continue on

Solids are sprayed onto the screenbox where they are further

separated from any escapedfluids

MudTank

Functions as astorage unit for the

Maintainshomogenous and

evenly mixture

throughout themud

How it works

Generally constructed of a steelbox

Mud agitators use blades to turnthe mud inside the tank,

preventing the mud fromsettling

Mud guns use a jet style nozzleto help mix the mud when it

enters the tank

Safety and Health Hazards/So

Exposure to Mud

Activities

Shaker house •Sampling/monitoring

•Routine operation

•Cleaning/changing sc

•Mud Handling Activit•Exposure

•Inhalation of mist, va

•Skin contact with flu

Influencing factors•Flowline temperatur

•Fluid characteristics composition

Activities

Mixing of Drilling Mud Activities

•Chemical storag

•Manual handlin

•mixing operatio

Exposure•Inhalation

•Skin contact

•Check MSDS forexposure limits

Influencing facto•Hazardous propchemicals

• Packaging

•Form of chemic

substances

Mud House

Mud House Control Sha

Mud House Control ShaHouse Control

• •Restrict access to hazardous maerials

storage areas• Store an handle chemicals to prevent

damage to packaging

• Provide sufficient space, wellorganised, well lit and ventilated

• Separate incompatible materials

• Provide eyewash and emergencyshower close to work-site

• Never store chemicals in unlabelledcontainers

• Provide suitable spill kits

•Restrict access to

•Enclose shakers wenclosure

•Use canopy hoodstrips

•Do not use non-a

fluid in high presclean screens

•Use mud coolers flowline tempera

•Provide suitable s

Incidents

Alert 06-19 Safety Alert(IADS)TEMPORARY PLACEMENT OF MUD HOSE I

WALKWAY RESULTS IN A TRIPPING INCIDE

• What Happened

Roustabout cleaningstorage room.Mud HoseTemporarily placed inwalkway(flagged danger) in frontof storage room. an employeesteps out of the door of storageroom down onto hose.Trips fallstwisted and fractureankle.Employee wearing steeltoe rubber boots that give noankle support and makes footplacement difficult

• Corrective Action

Reroute hose to an aretravelled.Do not step orooms carrying anythinawkward to see wherestepping.Wear boots th

good ankle support anfoot placement easier.steel mud piping if thisfrequent operation

12/14/2013

Employee burned while mixing Caus

Employee burned while mixing CausSodaEvent date:20/6/01 Source OSHA.G• Employee mixing caustic soda and water.Substance splashed

arm. Sprayed warm water and given vinegar to neutralize csoda.Taken to dog houseand rinsed at shower fro 45 minuteTransported to hospital by helicopter for treat ment.

• Empoyee worked at rigs above 5 years and familiar with dutrequirement of floorman.Was wearing Personal Protective

Equipment(PPE)-face splash shield, apron,protective gloves past elbow

• No emergency shower locate less than 10 seconds away forof hazardous substance

12/14/2013

DRILLING FLUID Presentation -Topshot

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