Dr. Juan Enciso Associate Professor BAEN Department Texas...

Fertigation

Dr. Juan EncisoAssociate ProfessorBAEN Department

Texas Agrilife Research and ExtensionTexas A&M University System

Objectives

1. Importance of Irrigation Uniformity on Fertigation2. Inyector and inyection rates3. Rules of injection

Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Texas AgriLife Research & Extension,Texas A&M University System

Irrigation systems in the LRGV

Earth ditches33%

Gated pipe10%

Poly-pipe52%

Drip3%

Sprinkler2%

Laser levelled 67% Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Requires filtering system

Subsurface drip irrigation

Wetting pattern shapes and

fertilizer extraction

Fertigation requires high irrigation uniformity

Center pivot

Uniformity over 95% Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Side roll-lateral movement

Uniformity 80%Dr. Juan Enciso,

Associate ProfessorTexas AgriLife Research & Extension,

Texas A&M University System

Surface irrigation

Uniformity 50-75%

Earth ditches versus poly-pipe

Surge irrigation

Cotton and sugarcaneCotton and sugarcane Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Border irrigation-graded border

Uniformity 50%-70%Dr. Juan Enciso,

Big gun- traveler

High Energy cost

Very portable

Venturi injectors require a pressure differential. A booster pump is recommended

fertilizer Fertilizer + water

Venturi

Acid injection

Water high in bicarbonateInject acid to lower pH to 6.5-7.0 Dr. Juan Enciso,

Controlling the inyected amount.

Hose on the suction of the fertilizer tank

Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate ProfessorTexas AgriLife Research & Extension,Texas A&M University System

Rules of injection

Check for mixing and compatibility

Jar test

Best to make a small quantity to test fertilizer before preparing large batches

Plugging potential of irrigation water

Physical Suspended solidsDr. Juan Enciso,

Chemical Manganese-iron oxides sulfidesCalcium and magnesium precipitation

BiologicalBacteria

AlgaeRoot intrusion - buried emitter

Low Moderate SevereChemical

Bicarbonate (ppm)

< 7.0 7.0-8.0 >8.0

< 100.0Iron (ppm)Sulfides (ppm)

< 0.2 0.2-1.5 > 1.5< 0.2 0.2-2.0 > 2

Common constituents of irrigation water

CationsAmonium NH4

Calcium Ca

Hidrogen H

Magnesium Mg

Sodium Na

Potasium K

AnionsBicarbonate HCO3

Carbonate CO3

Nitrate NO3

Phosphate PO4

Sulfate SO4Dr. Juan Enciso,

Plugging prevention (chemicals used)

Chlorine

SulfuricPhosphoricUrea-sulfuric (NpHuric)Citric acid

Calcium and magnesium precipitation

Carbonate precipitation Plug emitter

Use of ACID to LOW pH to 6.5

Sulfuric or white phosphoric

Last third of the irrigation set timeDr. Juan Enciso,

Acid injection

Water high in bicarbonateInject acid to lower pH to 6.5-7.0 Dr. Juan Enciso,

Rules of injection

Inject acids downstream

Inject other chemicals upstream of the filter ----

discontinue the application during the flushing process

Calcium and magnesium precipitation

If there are more than 50 ppm of Ca

Phosphoric acid should not be injected

Rules of injection

Only fertigate during the middle half of the irrigation set

1/4 1/2 1/4

Chlorine

Low concentration (1 to 5 ppm)Act as bactericide

Oxidizer of ironHigh concentration ( 100 to 1000 ppm)

Oxidizing agent for organic matter

Disintegrate organic matter Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer movement

Future studies

1 ft1 ft

Extraction tubes - monitor leaching, soluble elements

Arroyo Colorado

Mixing rules

ALWAYS fill the mixing container with 50-75% required water

When used in the mix of dry soluble fertilizers

Mixing rules

ALWAYS add the ingredients slowly with circulation or agitation to prevent of large, insoluble or slowly lumps

Mixing rules

ALWAYS put acid into water

Not water into acid

Water can boil and spit dangerously

Mixing rules

DO NOT COMBINE Phosphoric acid with any calcium fertilizer

Calcium phosphates

Plug the irrigation system

Mixing rules

DO NOT mix sulfate with calcium

Insoluble calcium will form

Mixing rules

Extreme hard water (Ca and Mg)

Phosphates and sulfates

Insoluble compounds

Mixing rules

NEVER mix or store acids and

chlorine together

A toxic chlorine gas will form

Mixing rules

ALWAYS check with supplier about insolubility and incompatibility

Estimated Daily Water Use for Grain Sorghum

Days after planting

Rapid growth

Boot Bloom

Grain fill Drying

24 50 70 80 120Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Cation-Anion BalanceTotal number of cations = Number of anions

Source of nutrition Cations Anions

NH4 + 8 NH4

4 K + 9 H2PO4-

1 Ca 2+ 3 SO42-

1 Mg2+ 1 Cl-

Sum of charges 16+ 16- Dr. Juan Enciso,Associate Professor

Cation-Anion Balance

Source of nutrition Cations Anions

NO3 - 8 NO3

8 K + 5 H2PO4-

2 Ca 2+ 1 SO42-

2 Mg2+ 1 Cl-

Sum of charges 16+ 16-

Irrigation controller

Irrigation controller with solar panel

Dr. Juan Enciso Associate Professor BAEN Department Texas...

Documents

triptico san juan 2018 - San Juan de Aznalfarache

Reccopolis Revealed: Recent Archaeological Discoveries in the … · 2017. 3. 24. · Lauro Olmo Enciso, Universidad de Alcalá Knut Rassmann, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut,

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2018 Trinational Sardine and Small Pelagics Forum Program€¦ · Concepción Enciso-Enciso, Celia Eva Cotero-Altamirano, Marianne Moreno-Willerer and Manuel O. Nevárez-Martínez

“Curriculum Vitae” de Luis Miguel Enciso. - siglo18.orgsiglo18.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/cv-Luis-Miguel-Enciso-Recio... · 1 “Curriculum Vitae” de Luis Miguel Enciso

Scoates is getting a face lift! - Department of …baen.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/12/BAEN-Sept2014.pdf · Scoates is getting a face lift! The BAEN family has literally

Teachers Guide January 2015 - Baen Books...Baen Books Teaching and Study Guides Catalog 1632 by’EricFlint! 1636:’The’Kremlin’Games!byEric!Flint,Gorg! !Huff,!and!Paula Goodlett!

VII. REFERENCE - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6118/13/13_references.p… · VII. REFERENCE ABDALLAH, J. M., GOFFINET, B., CIERCO-AYROLLES, C. AND PEREZ-ENCISO,

Juan M. Enciso, Ph.D, P - Texas A&M Universityweslaco.tamu.edu/files/2011/02/Juan-Enciso-CV.pdf4.Enciso, Juan., Naomi Assadian, George Di Giovanni, Jaime Iglesias. 2003. “Using Filtered

from DIAGNOSIS TO ACTION3... · Mariuz Calvet, Britzia Lucero Silva Enciso, Alan Gomez, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Michael Logan, Santiago Lorenzo, Carlos Noriega, Irma Acosta Pedregal,

Going Interstellar Teachers Guide - Baen Books

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Marta Enciso Universidad Complutense de Madrid. BIFI 2011 - Marta Enciso Wylie, JACS, 2009 Kannan, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2009 Chen, PNAS, 2009 Dobson, Annu

Http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/tempus TEMPUS INFORMATION DAYS Kazakhstan, October 2011 Belén Enciso, Tempus Project Officer, EACEA TEMPUS IV- FIFTH CALL FOR

Fernando enciso

BAEN 673 Biological and Agricultural Engineering ...munster.tamu.edu/BAEN673/SWAT_exercises/ArcSWAT...Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department Texas A&M University ArcSWAT

South Texas College: Juan Enciso Texas A&M University: Dr. Luis …southtexas.tamu.edu/.../09/Poster-2012-Juan-Enciso-new.pdf · 2013. 9. 20. · 4 $200 1.00 $800 R.O.Y. Electricity

Exhibit A - Claro...JUAN COLON PADILLA NO 23 Arecibo ARBOPRCO JUAN C PADILLA 26 Arecibo ARBOPRCO JUAN C PADILLA 33 Arecibo ARBOPRCO JUAN C PADILLA 35 Arecibo ARBOPRCO JUAN …

I/O monotone dynamical systems Germán A. Enciso University of California, Irvine Eduardo Sontag, Rutgers University May 25 rd, 2011

Installing a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System for Row Crops · 2019-07-03 · Installing a Subsurface Drip Irrigation System for Row Crops Juan Enciso* *Assistant Professor and Extension