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DR. JITENDRA PATEL (MBBS, MD)
Medical Educator & Researcher
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology
Email: dr.jrpatel84@gmail.com Web: www.esphys.weebly.com 2
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What is Blood?
Characteristics of Blood
Composition of Blood
Important values
OUTLINE
What is Blood?
Blood is a fluid connective tissue which
transports substances from one part of the body
to another.
It provides nutrients, hormones, enzymes to
the tissues & removes their waste products
from the tissues.
Characteristics of Blood
COLOUR :Red
VOLUME :5-6 L
VISCOSITY :5 times more than water
pH :7.4, alkaline
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Important values
Total blood volume : 5 to 6 L (8% of body weight)
RBCs : female - 4.8 million/mm3,
male - 5.2 million/mm3
WBCs : 4000 to 11000/mm3
Platelets : 1.5 lacs to 4 lacs/mm3
Total proteins : 6.4 to 8.3 gm%
Hb : female - ~14 gm%,
male - ~16 gm%
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Functions of Blood
Respiratory: Transport of O2 (atmosphere to tissue) and
CO2 (tissue to atmosphere)
Nutritive: It carries the nutritive substances like glucose,
amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, electrolytes etc. from the
gut to the tissues where they are used for energy.
Excretory: It carries various metabolic waste products
such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, etc. to excretory organs
like kidney, skin, intestine, liver for their disposal.
Functions of Blood…
Homeostasis: Blood plays major role in…
• Regulation of water balance: The water of blood is
freely interchangeable with the interstitial fluid and
helps in maintaining water and electrolyte balance
of the body.
• Regulation of acid-base balance: The plasma
proteins and the Hb act as buffers and helps in
regulation of acid-base balance.
Functions of Blood…
Regulation of body temperature:
• Because of its properties of High specific heat:
buffers sudden change (increase or decrease) in
body temperature High conductivity
• Helps in uniform distribution of heat in the body
High latent heat of evaporation
• Large amount of heat is lost from the lungs and skin
by evaporation of water
Functions of Blood…
Transport: various hormones, enzymes, antibodies,
drugs etc. are transported by blood to the target tissues.
Protective function:
• Role of neutrophil & monocytes (1st and 2nd line of
defense against infection)
• Role of lymphocytes & gamma globulin (in specific
immunity)
• Role of eosinophils (against parasitic infection and
allergic conditions)
Functions of Blood…
Storage function: It’s a temporary store house for
important substances like water, glucose, proteins,
electrolytes to be used in emergency situations like
starvation, fluid loss, electrolyte loss etc.
Role in coagulation: Blood cells platelets and
different clotting factors in the blood work for the
stoppage of bleeding and form temporary
hemostatic plug and definite hemostatic plug
respectively.
Functions of Blood…
Role of plasma proteins:
• Exerts the effective osmotic pressure helps in
exchange of fluid
• Acts as reservoir of proteins
• Forms transportable complexes with hormones
Total 10 main functions of blood
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Major plasma proteins are…
Albumin
Globulin
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
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Functions of plasma proteins
Functions of plasma proteins...
Functions of plasma proteins...
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Starling forces simplified
Functions of plasma proteins...
Functions of plasma proteins...
Total 10 main functions of plasma protein
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“No questions, have many question”
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