Do Now: 1.How do you figure out total magnification? 2.What is a negative feedback mechanism? 3.What...

Do Now: 1. How do you figure out total magnification?

2. What is a negative feedback mechanism?

3. What is metabolism?

DO NOW1. How do you create a wet mount? How would you

add a stain/dye?

2. Explain what to do going from low to high power. What happens to your field of view?

DO NOWQUIZZ!!

-10 minutes (so clear your desks)-Just put name and period -Write clearly or it can’t be graded

GOOD LUCK!!• Take “Cell” note packet when done

Lp 6.1

Do Now “B”…Page 10Lp 6.1

Cells

Cells, Levels of Organization, Cell Theory, Plant Cell, Animal Cell, Organelles, Types of Organelles

CellsWhat are they?

What is LIFE made of?

What is a Cell?

Living things might be made up of billions or trillions of cells. These are multicellular organisms.A living thing may be made

up of one cell, like this unicellular Amoeba.

1. New cells arise from other living cells

2. All life is made of one or more cells– Because every cell carries out life functions

3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

The Cell Theory What Exactly are Cells

Cell Theory Video• https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU 3

Who came up with the term cell? What was he looking at under his microscope?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU 6

Exceptions to the Cell Theory1. Viruses are not cells

– They contain genetic material– But they need another cell to inject their genetic material into

in order to reproduce

2. The first cell could not have come from a previously existing cell

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are cell organelles that contain their own genetic material. They can reproduce independently of the cell

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living

things • You are completely made up of cells– According to National Geographic, you are made up of about

37.2 trillion cells (not counting microbes)!!

• Cells are the smallest living structure that carries out life processes

• Cells come together to make more complex structures…

Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organisms

How Big is a Cell Compared to Atoms, Tissues and Organs?

Lp 6.2

Levels of Organization• Atom• Molecule

– Two or more atoms together• Organelle

– Organs of the cell that carry out Life Functions• Cell

– Basic unit of life• Tissue

—Collection of similar cells• Organ

—Collection of tissues joined to serve a common function• Organ System

—Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task

• Organism

DO NOW

page 11

# 1- 4,17,18

Construct a Hierarchy of Organizationpage 14

Cell

Organ

Molecule

Atom

Organism

Tissue

Organelle

Organ System

Recap

What is the Cell Theory?

What are some exceptions?

Ok, We know how organelles, cells, tissues and organs are organized….

But what is all that stuff in cells that we mentioned?

ORGANELLES

Do Now #20… page 91. What is the approximate size of these cells?

2. What is the smallest unit of life? Why?

EXTRA - What would you do to center this image?

A B

Lp 6.3

So what are Organelles?

• Scientists observed many small structures located inside the cell called “ORGANELLES” – Organelles literally means “Little Organs”

So what are Organelles?

• Organelles perform all the life functions that keep the cell alive– Just like our organs perform our life functions keeping us

alive• We are many cells put together. So we share the

same needs as cells.– Cells need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…– We need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…

Lets look at Organelles!

First there are 2 major Types of Cells

1. Animal Cell2. Plant Cell

http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

Do plant and animal cells have differences?

Cell Organelles carry out Life Functions

The Nucleus

• The Director tells everyone on a movie set what to do• The nucleus is the command center

– Nucleus directs the synthesis of proteins in the cell– Contains DNA (Genetic Material)– Nucleolus – nuclear organelle that makes ribosomes

The Mighty Mitochondria

• Power house of cell• Site of cellular respiration• Where ATP (energy) is produced

• I need energy to run a marathon!

• I need energy to life all this weight!

Ribosomes

• Protein factory• Site of protein synthesis– Examples: hormones, neurotransmitters, cell receptors

Vacuole

• Vacuole = stores various materials such as water, wastes and food

• What do you notice about plant vacuoles?

Animal VacuolePlant Cell Vacuole

Centrioles

• ONLY in ANIMAL CELLS• Play a part in cell division • Cylinder shaped

Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts are found ONLY in PLANT CELLS• Site of Photosynthesis • This is where glucose (food) is made!• If you look at chloroplasts up close, they look like they have stacks

of pancakes in them

Do Now 1. What is the field of view in mm

and in um?

2. What would the Amoeba look like under high power?

Lp 6.3

Cell Wall

• Rigid structure found ONLY in PLANT CELLS• Gives plant cell their shape and used for protection• Plant cells have BOTH a plasma membrane and cell wall

Cell Wall Close Up

Cell Membrane: Plasma MembraneSelective Permeability:

– Allows certain material to pass through the cell membrane only– In BOTH PLANT and ANIMAL cells

Lysosome

• Contains digestive enzymes

• Breaks down cellular garbage – food vacuoles– waste vacuoles– damaged organelles

Golgi Apparatus• Warehouse of the cell (like the UPS)– Flattened membrane sacks that package, store and

release molecules to the outside of a cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Used to transport materials throughout the cell• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - has ribosomes attached to its

surface• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – no ribosomes attached to

its surface • Synthesizes material for inside the cell & cell membrane

Cytoplasm• Jelly-like substance that fills

most of the cell, Mostly made of water

• Where many cellular reactions occur

• The “medium” or fluid between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

*Extra: Aides / Helps with TRANSPORT of materials

Let’s Compare Animal to Plant Cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Label the parts of the animal cell

Label the parts of the plant cell

Cell Organelle - Function - Life Function

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8 Cell overview video

Does Every Cell Have Organelles?

NO

Cell Categories

Prokaryotic Cells

Pro = before karyon = nucleus

• Earliest type of cell• NO membrane bound NUCLEUS • NO membrane bound ORGANELLES • Relatively small ( 5 to 10 um)• Include all bacteria

Eukaryotic CellsEu = “True” Karyon = “Nucleus”• HAS membrane bound NUCLEUS• HAS membrane bound ORGANELLES• Includes all plants, animals, fungi

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Check Point

What is a cell?

Cell Theory:

Levels of organization:

What is an organelle?

Do all cells have organelles?

Two major types of cells: