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D.N.AObjective: SWBAT explore the principles of
probability in order to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses using Punnett Squares
State if the following are heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or homozygous recessiveRr __________________DD _________________Ee __________________ff __________________
If spots (S) are dominant over stripes (s) state the phenotype for the followingSs _____________ b. ss _______________ c. SS
_______________ Hairy (H) is dominant over smooth (h). What is the
genotype for hairy? ____________
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT
HETEROZYGOUS
HETEROZYGOUS
HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
SPOTS STRIPES
SPOTS
HH or Hh
ANNOUNCEMENTS! Punnett Square Worksheet (download off of Ms.
Nakamura’s wikispace)Nakamurabiology.wikispaces.com
Unit 5 Heredity Quest Corrections due next classWrite out the question numberThe correct answerAnd why is it the correct answer (evidence!)You will receive ½ pt back towards your quest
CONGRATULATIONS!
Unit 5 Heredity Quest
2B – Average: Summa Cum Laude: Magna Cum Laude:
70%
Josef, Malik
DeAndre
CONGRATULATIONS!
Unit 5 Heredity Quest
2B – Average: Summa Cum Laude: Magna Cum Laude:
70%
Jordan, Rikiesha
Jibraun
LET’S REVIEW!!!
What is genotype?Genetic make-upEx: TT, Tt, tt
What is phenotype?Physical TraitsEx: Tall, short, red, etc.
Let’s Practice
1. Circle one: “Hh” is considered
(homozygous/heterozygous)
1. Circle one: “hh” is considered
(homozygous/heterozygous)
1. Circle one: “HH” is considered
(homozygous dominant/homozygous recessive)
Let’s Practice
If Tall (T) is dominant over short (t) state the phenotype for the following
• TT ______________• Tt ______________• tt _______________
TALL
TALLSHORT
Let’s Practice
Green peas (G) are dominant over yellow peas (g). What is the genotype for green peas?
GG or Gg
Ruffled fur (R) is dominant over smooth fur (r). What is the genotype for smooth fur?
rr
How can we determine what the offspring are going to be?
PUNNETT SQUARES!-chart showing
the possible combination of
alleles in a cross
The question!
In plants, round seeded plants (R) is dominant to wrinkled seeded plants (r).
If a a HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant, how
many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after the parents mate?
How to make a Punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your Punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
How to make a Punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant.
___________________ X ___________________
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
Cross: ___________Rr_____x__________RR________
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 2: Set up your punnett square
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
R
r
R
RHomozygous Dominant round seeded plants (RR)Heterozygous
round seeded plant (Rr)
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
R
r
R
R
RR
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
R
r
R
R
RRRR
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
R
r
R
R
RRRR
Rr
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
R
r
R
R
RR RR
Rr Rr
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
R
r
R
R
RR RR
Rr Rr
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 4: Determine the genotypesA HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed
with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
GENOTYPES
R
r
R
R
RR RR
Rr RrRR = 2/4 = 1/2
Rr = 2/4 = 1/2
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 4: Determine the phenotypesA HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed
with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR).
PHENOTYPES
R
r
R
R
RR RR
Rr RrALL ROUND
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Answer the question!
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS
DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled
seeds. How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after
the parents mate?
Answer the question!
A HETEROZYGOUS round seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS
DOMINANT round seeded plant (RR). Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled
seeds. How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after
the parents mate?
How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (RR) round seeds will exist after the
parents mate?
R
r
R
R
RR RR
Rr Rr
How many HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT (RR) round seeds will exist after the
parents mate?
R
r
R
R
RR RR
Rr Rr2 HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT round seeds will exist after the
parents mate!
Let’s review the steps!
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
___________________ X ___________________
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
___________Hh_______ X ___________hh________
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 2: Set up your punnett square
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
H
h
h
hHeterozygous curly hair (Hh)
Homozygous recessive straight hair (hh)
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
H
h
h
h
Hh
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
H
h
h
h
hhHh
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
H
h
h
h
hhHh
Hh
Step 3: Determine the potential gene combinations
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
H
h
h
h
Hh hh
Hh hh
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 4: Determine the genotypesA man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4
children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
GENOTYPES Hh = 2/4 = 1/2
hh=2/4 or ½
H
h
h
h
Hh hh
Hh hh
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
Step 5: Determine the phenotype
A man that is heterozygous with curly hair has 4 children with a woman that is homozygous recessive and has straight hair
Phenotype 2 curly hair
2 straight hair
H
h
h
h
Hh hh
Hh hh
How to make a punnett square…
Step 1: Determine the genotypes of the parents
Step 2: Set up your punnett squareStep 3: Determine the potential gene
combinationsStep 4: Determine the genotypesStep 5: Determine the phenotypesStep 6: Answer the question
How many of their four children will have straight hair?
H
h
h
h
Hh hh
Hh hh
How many of their four children will have straight hair?
H
h
h
h
Hh hh
Hh hh
2 out of the 4 children will have straight hair!
MAKE A BABY LAB!(Not what your
thinking!) Today you will determine the traits of your baby by making punnett squares
Part 1: Using the MASTER CHART, complete YOUR OWN genotype and phenotype
Ex: TRAIT GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE
SEX: XX Female
EYE COLOR: Brownish
TAKE 5 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THE TABLE IN
PART 1
PART 2: Find a partner….one will be the mother and one will be the father (IT
DOESN’T MATTER IF YOU ARE THE SAME GENDER!)
Using your genotypes, complete the punnett squares
SEX XX Female
SEX XY Male
XX XX
XY XY
X
Y
X X
Part 3: Using a penny, flip it to figure out the genotype of the baby and complete the table
Once you complete Part 3, see Ms. Nakamura for Part 4
CHALLENGE QUESTION Palomino horses are known to be caused by the
interaction of two different genes. The allele Cr in the homozygous condition produces a chestnut, or reddish color, horse. The allele Cm produces a very pale cream color, called cremello, in the homozygous condition. The palomino color is caused by the interaction of both the chestnut and cremello alleles. Indicate the expected ratios in the F1 generation from mating a palomino with a cremello.
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