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DiskCon September 2004
Solid State Disks: The Future of Storage?
World’s Fastest Storage®
Agenda
• About Texas Memory Systems• The problem with latency• Solution: disk + memory• Economics of solid state disks• The future of solid state disks
World’s Fastest Storage®
ProductsProducts
About Texas Memory Systems:The basics
DSP Services
SSD
Basic InformationBasic Information
Founded in 1978
Private
No venture capital or debt
50 employees
Industry leader in Solid State Disks
World’s Fastest Storage®
Processor improvements follow Moore’s Law:
Doubling Every 18 Months
The Latency Problem: Moore’s Law
World’s Fastest Storage®
Aggregate bandwidth is following Gilder’s Law:
Tripling Every Year
The Latency Problem:Gilder’s Law
World’s Fastest Storage®
Hard Disk access times are
Increasing less than 10% every year
The Latency Problem:Murphy’s Law
World’s Fastest Storage®
“Money can buy bandwidth, but latency is forever”
John R. Mashey, Chief Scientist SGI, “Big Data and the Next Wave of InfraStress”, USENIX, 1999
Latency
The Latency Problem: The Performance Gap
World’s Fastest Storage®
The Latency Problem:What customers say …
Our Oracle appneeds a
boost
I need fastertransaction logperformance
My database isI/O bound!
We need tospeed up our
database
Looking for avery fast hard
drive
We need speedyqueries
I am looking for a fast
I/O solution
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solution: Memory + Disk
• Various ways memory is used to decrease the performance gap:
Use solid state disks
Add memory to the RAID Controller
Add memory to the disk drive
Add memory to the server
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solutions:Cache the disk drive
a 2 I
3
2
• Performance of disk drives is improving with cache.
• Peak IOPS as high as 370 (random reads)
• Performance increasing as cache increases.
• Cache-to-disk ratios are extremely low ranging from 1/4000 to 1/9000.
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solutions:Cache the Departmental RAID
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• Performance of departmental RAID systems increases with cache.
• Departmental RAID units offer cache from 1GB to 2GB and result in peak performance as high as 2,500 random I/O’s per second.
• Cache-to-disk ratios are low ranging from 1/300 to 1/2000.
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solutions:Cache the Monolithic RAID
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• Performance of monolithic RAID systems increases with cache.
•Monolithic RAID units offer cache from 16GB to 256GB and result in peak random IOPS as high as 200,000 random I/O’s per second (from cache).
•Cache-to-disk ratios can vary from good (1/16) to bad (1/79).
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solutions:Flexible External RAID Cache
• Performance and flexibility increase with the use of external RAID cache.
• External RAID cache can support from 1 LUN to many RAID units. Performance as high as 250,000 random IOPS (from cache).
• Cache-to-disk ratios vary from good to bad. Cache to disk ratio can scale to meet application performance requirements.
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solutions:Solid State Disk
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• Solid state disk systems store all data in memory, taking full advantage of memory performance.•Single units with capacities as
high as 64GB. Installations as big as 2.5TB. Performance per unit over 300,000 random IOPS.
•Cache-to-disk ratio is 1/1. Solid state disks are used to accelerate the most frequently accessed data.
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solutions:What is a solid state disk?
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• Store data in memory (DDR RAM, Flash)• Non-volatile (disks + battery or
inherently)• Looks like a disk drive to the operating
system• Returns data in under .05 milliseconds• Capable of huge bandwidth and IOPS
with random and sequential data streams
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solid State Disk Benefits: IOMeter Results – Eight Server Test
IOMeter Results - 100% Random Read
339,756
94,363
6,182
24,068
297,741
664
1,5461,5041,474
1,163
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
'2k' '4k' '16K' '64K' '256K'
Block Size
I/Os
per
sec
on
d
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Ban
dw
idth
(M
egab
ytes
per
sec
on
d)
15 Outstanding IO(s) (IOps )
15 Outstanding IO(s) (BW )
World’s Fastest Storage®
SPC-1 IOPS™ ResultsSPC-1 IOPS: 112,500$/SPC-1 IOPS: $1.50
Solid State Disk Benefits: Storage Performance Council Test
SuperMicro OpteronServers
SuperMicro Xeon Servers
8 Fibre Channel Links(1 per server)
World’s Fastest Storage®
Solid State Disks: The Future of Storage?
• So why aren’t solid state disks going to replace the disk drive?
World’s Fastest Storage®
Cost/GB of Solid State Disks
$9,000
$6,000
$5,000
$3,000$2,500
$1,500
$5,000
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Economics: Cost of Solid State Disks
World’s Fastest Storage®
The Future of Solid State Storage
• The solid state disk market will grow 2x-5x each year the economy is growing.
• The solid state disk market will double with each 20% drop in memory prices.
• New memory technologies take immense R&D investments to challenge incumbent media.• …though we are rooting for MRAM…
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