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7/29/2019 Discrete Components
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Discrete Components y
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What mean by discrete components.An elementary electronic device constructed as a single
unit.
Those not encapsulated in an integrated circuit.
Discrete components are electronic components with
just one circuit element rather than an integrated circuit.
The circuit element can be either a passive component
(resistor, capacitor, inductor) or an active component
(transistor, diode, LED).
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Active Components
Its rely on a source of energy (usually from
the DC circuit) and usually can inject
power into a circuit.
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Semiconductors
An electronic device that restricts current
flow chiefly to one direction.
1.Diode
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Application
used as temperature and light sensors and
light emitters (LEDs).
In communication field, they filter out
analog and digital signals from carriers
and modulate signals onto carriers.
In digital logic, they're used as one-way
valves and as switches similar to
transistors.
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Uses of diode in Rectifier
1. Half-wave rectifier.
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2. Full wave rectifier
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3.Bridge Rectifier
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Zener Diode Used in voltage regulation,ensuring a stable constant
voltage after rectification.
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LED
These emit light when a voltage is applied.
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A transistoris a semiconductor device
used to amplify and switchelectronic
signals and electrical power.
2.Transistor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device7/29/2019 Discrete Components
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1.i. Bipolar Junction - a type oftransistorthat relies on the contact
of two types ofsemiconductorfor itsoperation.
BJTs.
PNP NPN
Schematic symbols for PNP- and NPN-type
http://www.answers.com/topic/transistorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/transistor7/29/2019 Discrete Components
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ii. Field Effect Transistor
-a transistorthat uses an electric field to
control the shape and hence theconductivity of a channel of one type of
charge carrierin a semiconductor
material.
http://www.answers.com/topic/transistorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/electric-fieldhttp://www.answers.com/topic/conductivityhttp://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1http://www.answers.com/topic/minority-carriershttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/semiconductorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/minority-carriershttp://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1http://www.answers.com/topic/conductivityhttp://www.answers.com/topic/electric-fieldhttp://www.answers.com/topic/transistor7/29/2019 Discrete Components
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a) JFET
- use a gate element that, when charged,
creates an electromagnetic field that
changes the conductivity of a silicon
channel and turns the transistor on or off.
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b) MOSFET
- when applying a positive voltage (relative
to the source) to an n-channel MOSFETsgate will make it conductive.
When applying the same voltage to p-
channel MOSFET will make it non-conductive.
P-Channell N-Channel
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C) MESFET
- used for building computer processor.
- more expensive than JFET andMOSFET.
- used for microwave frequency
communication.
MESFET Schematic diagram
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d) HEMT
- a field effect transistorincorporating a
junction between two materials withdifferent band gaps .
-
http://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-1http://www.answers.com/topic/band-gaphttp://www.answers.com/topic/band-gaphttp://www.answers.com/topic/field-effect-transistor-17/29/2019 Discrete Components
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3.Thyrister
A transistor having a thyratronlike
characteristic; as collector current is
increased to a critical value, the alpha of
the unit rises above unity to give high-speed triggering action.
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Passive Components
Conducts current in both directions and
therefore known as bilateral devices.
Resistors, Inductors and Capacitors.
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Resistor
Manufactured with specified amount of
resistance.
Can conduct current in both directions.
To controlling the flow of current &
providing the desired amount of voltage in
electronic circuit.
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Linear Resistors
The resistors through which the current is
directly proportional to the applied voltage.
Such resistors have property that their
resistance values do not change with
applied voltage, temperature or light
intensity.
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Carbon Composition Resistors
Fixed Resistors
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Cermet Film Resistors
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Variable Wire Wound Resistors
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Potentiometer
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Trimmers
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Non-Linear Resistors
The resistors through which the current is
not directly proportional to the applied
voltage.
Such resistors have property that their
resistance values change with applied
voltage, temperature or light intensity.
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Thermistors
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Photo resistor
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Varistors
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Identifying Resistors
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Inductors / Reactor
Ability to store magnetic energy created by
the electric current passing through it.
Conducting wire shaped as a coil, the
loops helping to create a strong magnetic
field inside the coil.
Current and voltage change with time.
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Ideal & Real Inductor
Ideal inductor has inductance, but no
resistance and capacitance, and does not
dissipate or radiate energy.
Real inductor may be partially modeled by
a combination of inductance, resistance
and capacitance.
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Type of Inductors
Fixed inductors
Variable inductors
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Air-core inductor
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Iron core inductor
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Ferrite core inductor
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Variable inductor
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Capacitors
Consists of two parallel conductive plates
that r not connected but r electrically
separated either by air or by an insulating
material called the Dielectric.
Store and release electrical charge and
used for filtering power supply lines, tuning
resonant circuits, and for blocking DCvoltages while passing AC signals.
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Dielectric variable capacitor
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Film Capacitors
Radial Lead Type
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Axial Lead Type
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Ceramic Capacitor
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Electrolytic Capacitor
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Aluminium & Tantalum Electrolytic
Capacitor
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THE END
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