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7/27/2019 Disaster Survival Guide
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DISASTERSURVIVAL
GUIDETOP DISASTER SURVIVAL SKILLS
RICH JOHNSONAND THE EDITORS OF OUTDOOR LIFE
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TOP SKILLS FOR DISASTER PREP
RICH JOHNSON
WITH ROBERT F. JAMES
SURVIVALGUIDE
DISASTER
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KNOW WHAT’S HAPPENING Problems can
arise when you’re not paying attention. I youremain cognizant o your surroundings, then you
can respond appropriately.
PRIORITIZE Once you know what kind o fx
you’re in, decide what your most pressing need
is. I your buddy has a bullet in his leg, your
most pressing need isn’t hunting dinner.
DEVISE A PLAN Now that you know what
needs to be done frst (and next, and then next),
decide how to attack the problem. Weigh your
options, then make smart decisions that will
give you the desired result.
GO TO WORK The time has come or the rubber
to meet the road. As you work on resolving each
challenge, continually assess the situation.
Decide i what you’re doing is working, or i you
need to change strategies.
Remember, you’re trying to survive, and that’s aworthy goal i ever there was one. Give it your all
and good luck!
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES
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011 Set a Bone
Ifyou’veeverheardthegrimsoundof
abonebreaking,youknowjusthow
direthissituationcanbe.Gettingtoa
hospitalisalwaysthebestrecourse, butifyoucan’t,settingthebonein
placemightbetheonlywaytosave
thearmorleg.Here’showtodoit.
ASSESS THE BREAKManybreaks
don’tneedsetting,butafew,such
astransverse,oblique,orimpacted
fractures,might.Ifaboneisactually
protrudingfromtheskin,don’ttryto
setit.Justimmobilizeit.
CHECK FOR BLOOD FLOWPress
ontheskinbelowthefracturesite.
Theskinshouldturnwhiteandthen
quicklyreturntopink.Paleorbluish
skin,numbness,tingling,orthelack
ofapulseinthelimbindicatealossof
circulation,andyouwillneedtoset
thebonetorestorecirculation.PUT IT IN PLACE Toreduce
swelling,pain,anddamagetotissues
causedbylackofcirculation,realign
Transverse
Hairline
Oblique
Spiral
Greenstick
Segmental
Compression
Comminuted
STEP THREE
Slidetheunfolded
splintmaterial
beneaththe
limb,andpadit
forcomfortand
stability.
STEP FOUR
Foldthesplintaroundtheleg,securingitwithelastic,
gauze,orothermaterial.Thesplint
shouldbejusttightenoughtoprevent
thebonefromshifting,butnotsotight
thelimbintoanormalrestingposition
bypullinginoppositedirectionsonboth
sidesofthebreak.
thatitimpedescirculation.Ifthebreak
involvesajoint,securethesplintboth
aboveandbelowitforextrastability.
Avulsion Torus Impacted Linear
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030
Homesweethomeisn’tsosweetwhenit’sfullofmucky
water—especiallywhenyouarelowonsuppliesanddon’t
knowifassistanceisontheway.Sinceyourfurnishingsaren’t
helpingyoumuch(whoneedsahutchfullofchinaplatesif
there’snofoodtoeatoffthem?),getcreativeandturnoneof
themintoaliferaft.Youcansimplyoatawayononeoftheselargeritems,orsecureseveraltogetherwithrope.
CHECKLIST
Make a Life Raft from
Household Items
RICH SAYS
“Unlessyou’reashwholoves
contaminatedlth,you’dbetterget
tohighground.”
� Mattress
� Aircompressiontank
� Diningroomtable
� Lawnchaircushions
� Plastictrashcans
� Icechest
� Children’soattoys
� Plasticswimmingpool
� Fiberglassbathtub
� Sparetire
� Largeplastictub
� Collectionofsmaller
plasticjugsandbottlesheldtogetherundera
platformofboards
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043Survive a Wildfre
Duringawildre,themostdangerous
placestobeareuphillordownwind
fromtheames.Speakingofwind,if
it’sblowingtowardthere,runintothe
wind.Butifit’sbehindthere,youneed
tomoveawayevenfaster—thatrewill
becomingonquick.
Iftoldtoevacuate,doso.Butifyou’retrappedathome,stayinsidewherethe
structurewillprotectyou.Movetoa
centralroom,awayfromtheexterior
wallsofyourhouse.Closethedoorsin
ordertocutdownonaircirculation,
whichcanfeedtheames.
Ifyou’recaughtintheopen,movetoan
areathathasalreadyburnedover.Avoid
canyonsandothernaturalchimneys.
Getintoariverorlake,ifpossible.Look
forbreaksinthetrees,whichcould
meanbreaksintherestorm.Ifyou’reneararoad,liefacedownalongthe
roadorinaditchordepressiononthe
uphillside.Coverupwithanythingthat
providesashieldagainsttheheat.
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046
047
Volcanicashisn’tsoftanduffy—as
ifthemountainhadbeeninapillow
ght.Nope,ashiscomposedoftiny
jaggedpiecesofrockandglass.It’shard,abrasive,andcorrosive.Becauseit
destroysengineswhenit’ssuckedinto
theintake,volcanicashhaltsairtravel
andhampersgroundtransportationfor
hundredsofmilesaroundaneruption.
Butifyouliveclosetoanactivevolcano,
yourproblemsmightbemuchmore
immediatethantraveldelays.
TAKE COVER Duringanashfall,stayinside—especiallyifyouhave
arespiratoryailment.Closedoors,
windows,vents,andchimneyues.
MonitorradioandTVbroadcastsabout
thesituation.
WEAR LAYERS Ifyouhavetogo
outside,wearlongsleevesandpants.
Breathethroughadustmask,orholda
dampclothoveryournoseandmouth.
Usegogglesorweareyeglassesinstead
ofcontactlensestoavoidtrappingdust
andashbeneaththem.
Copewith Ash
Evenifyou’reprettysureithascooled
andhardened,it’sbettertodetour
aroundalavaeld—becauseifyou’re
wrong,you’retoast.Literally.
TREAD LIGHTLY Ifyoumustcross,
trytoensurethatthelavahastotally
hardened.Youcan’talwaystellfromlooking,becausemoltenlavamight
beowingbelowathincrustthatcan
foolyou.Asyoumoveforward,probe
thegroundaheadofyouwithastick.
DO A SNIFF TEST Payattention
toairquality.Sulfurdioxidegases
indicateowinglavabeneathyou.
Thisgivesyoutworeasonstoget
away:Notonlyisthegroundunstable,
butthatgasistoxicaswell.
HEED YOUR FEET Ifthesolesof yourbootsstarttomelt,theowis
denitelytoohottowalkon.Andif
thegroundfeelsatallmushy,that
meansit’stoounstabletocross.
Assess a Lava Field
START SHOVELING Ashaccumulations
canpiledeeponroofs,requiringshovel
worktopreventthemfromcollapsing.
Makesureyouclearrainguttersaswell.
BE CAREFUL ON THE ROAD Prevent
enginedamagebyavoidingdriving.If
youmust,driveslowlyandbearinmind
thatsomeroadsmaybeimpassable.
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052
053
Youprobablyknowthedrill:Ifyou’re
insideabuildingwhenanearthquake
hits,staythere.Ifyou’reoutside,getinto
aclearing.Butwhatifyou’redriving?
STOP FOR THE SHAKINGThereare
twohazardsifanearthquakestrikes
Ride Out a Quake in a Car
Seeaclearpathtosafety?Thengetyourselfout.Butwhen
thewallscomedown,peopleinsideusuallycan’tsave
themselves.Letrescuersknowwhereyouarebytapping
onapipeorwall.Useawhistleifyouhaveone.Toavoid
inhalingdust,coveryourmouthandnosewithacloth,and
useyourvoiceonlyasalastresort.Don’tlightamatchor
lightertoseewhereyouare,astherecouldbeagasleak.
Survive Being TrappedUnder Debris
whenyou’redriving:otherdrivers
andfallingobjects.Pulloverinanarea
freeofthingsthatmightfallonyour
car,suchastelephonepoles,streetlights,and,yes,evenoverpasses.The
moreopenthearea,thesaferitis.
DEAL WITH INFRASTRUCTURE If
you’reonabridge,takethenextexit
offit.Andifyou’restuckunderthat
overpass,getoutofyourcarandlie
atbesideit.Shouldthestructure
collapse,itwillcrushyourcar,butnot
totheground—whichwillhopefully
leaveasafezoneimmediatelyaround
yourvehicle.
HEAD HOMEThereisalwaysa
chanceofaftershocks,sodon’thurry
off.Listentotheradioforupdates
thatmayaffectyourroute,andexpect
accidentsanddamage.
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066Ride Out an
Avalanche
Caughtinanavalanche?Well,that’splainbadluck.Useskiing(orevensurng)movestotrytorideontopofthesnow,andattempttomaneuvertowardtheedge
oftheslide.Ifthesnowismovingslowly,trytocatchholdofatreewithoutgetting
creamedbyit.Inafast-movingslidethatknocksyouoffyourfeet,swiminthesnow
andtrytoavoidhittingstationaryobstacles.
RICH SAYS
“Thebestsolutionina
survivalsituationistoattract
theattentionofsomeonewho
canrescueyou.”
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079
080
Pick a Safe Seat on a Train
STEP-BY-STEP
Stop a Train
Ifatrainslidesofftherailsorcollides
withsomethingstubborn,thingsare
likelytogoseriouslywrong.Therewon’t
beagreatdealthatyoucandoatthe
instantofimpact,butyoucantakeafew
basicpreemptivemeasuresinorderto
reducetheriskofinjury.
GO FOR THE MIDDLEThecarsinthefrontandreararethemostlikelyto
beinvolvedinaccidents.Ifyouhavea
choice,stayoffthem.
SIT BACKWARDItmightmakeyou
queasy,buttrytakingaseatthat’sfacing
awayfromthedirectionoftravel.Ifthe
traincrashes,you’llbepushedbackinto
theseat—notthrownacrossthecar.
AVOID OVERLOADINGFindaseat
thatdoesn’thavemuchluggageinthe
overheadarea,andstorelargeritemsinracksatthefrontofthecar.Intheevent
ofanaccident,atleastthoseheavyitems
won’tcometumblingdownonyou.
Yourtrainblowsthroughyourstopatlightningspeed,andyourealizeyou’re
notontheexpress—you’reonarunaway
train!(Howdoyoukeepgettingyourself
inthesesituations?)Ifit’suptoyouto
stopthelocomotive,trythis:
STEP ONELocatetheemergencybrake
inyourcarandpullthecord.
STEP TWOIfthetraindoesn’tstop,headtowardtheengineupfront.Asyou
gofromcartocar,activatetheindividual
frictionbrakesineachcar,controlledby
awheelorlever,tohelpslowthetrain.
STEP THREEOnceintheenginecar,pushthebuttonlabeled“E-brake”or
“emergencybrake.”Lowerthethrottle
handletodecreasespeed,thenndthe
dynamicbrakehandleandmoveitto
“setup”—thiswillkillthethrottle.Wait
5secondsandmovethebrakehandle
tothehighestposition.Finally,locate
theair-brakehandleandmoveitto100
percent.STEP FOURAfteryou’veappliedthe
cockpit’svariousbrakes,usetheradioto
callforhelp.
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085
084 Contact Air Trafc Control Aquickhoponasmallplaneseems
likeagoodidea—untilthepilotstarts
clawingathischestandturningblue.
CALL FOR HELPMakesuretheradio
isonandplaceyourMaydaycallon
thefrequencythat’salreadyset,since
that’slikelytobetheonethelocaltower
uses.Ifyouneedtoselectafrequency,
try121.5MHzor243.0MHz,whichair
trafccontrolusuallymonitors.
LISTEN CAREFULLYThevastmajorityofsuccessfullandingsbynonpilotsare
assistedbyairtrafccontrollers.Many
arepilotsthemselves,sothey’relikelyto
knowhowtogetyoudownsafely.
STEP-BY-STEP
Jump Out o an AirplaneGravityisadrag,especiallywhenyou’re
fallingoutofanairplanewithouta
parachute.Ifyou’regoingtojump,you
shoulduseachute.
STEP ONEStepintotheharnesssothe
leg-holestrapsencircleyourthighs,then bringthetopstrapsoveryourshoulders
andtightentheharnessacrossyour
chest.Don’ttouchtheripcordbefore
exitingtheplane.
STEP TWOJumpfromtheairplane
anywayyoucan—exceptinfrontofan
engine.Ifyouthinkfallingfromaplane
isbad,youshouldseewhatpassing
throughapropelleroraturbinewilldo
toruinyourday.
STEP THREECounttothree,thenpull
theripcord.
STEP FOURPlanyourlanding.Steer
theparachutebypullingthehandles,
usingtheonesonyourrighttogoright
andthoseonyourlefttoheadleft.
Beforelanding,bendyourknees,tuck
inyourelbows,andloweryourchinto
yourchest.Rollwiththelanding.
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087
088
Make It tothe Lifeboat
Soyou’veboardedafancy(ornotsofancy)
bigboatandsomeoneelseisdrivingit.Great,
butdon’trelaxjustyet.Firstnotewherethe
lifeboatsandlifejacketsarestowed,andreadtheemergencycardonthebackofyourstateroom
doortolearnthelocationofthelifeboat-muster
areaforyourcabin.Thengondit.
Ifthere’sanevacuationdrill,attendandpay
attention.Inanemergency,thecaptainwill
soundanalarm,consistingofsevenshortblasts
followedbyonelongone.Ifyourall-you-can-
eatbuffetiseverinterruptedbythisalarm(the
horror!),makeabeelineforthedesignatedlifeboat-musterareaandboardtheboatas
instructedbyshippersonnel.
STEP-BY-STEP
Abandon Ship Safely
Unlessyou’rethecaptain,youdon’twanttogodownwiththeship.Jumping
offisnopicnic,either,butifyoumust
abandonship,exitsafelyandquickly.
STEP ONEAvoidthecrowdtokeep
fromjostlingforposition,andmoveto
therailing.Iftheshipisrolling,moveto
thehighsidesoyouaren’tcrushedby
theboatifitcapsizes.Ifyou’re15feet(5
m)abovethewater,it’stoodangerous.Findalowerpointorwaitfortheshipto
sinkfurther.
STEP TWOLookforaspotinthewater
that’sfreeofdebrisandaimforit.Itwill
takesomecourage,butwhenyou’vepickedyourspot,don’twait.
STEP THREEAsyoujump,crossyourarmsandgrabyourlapels,andcross
yourfeetattheankles—thiswillhelp
preventinjuriesfromtheimpact.Takea
bigbreathjustbeforethesplash.
STEP FOURIfyou’reclosetoasinking
ship,youriskbeinghurtbydebris
fallingfromthedeck,sogetwelloutof
theway.Swimatleast100feet(30m)
fromtheship.Useeitherasidestrokeor
backstroketoconserveenergy,andbe
awareofobstaclesorhazards.
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094STEP-BY-STEP
Don a Gas Mask
Fewthingsaremoreterrifyingthanachemicalorbiologicalattack.Learning
howtoquicklydonagasmaskandensureapropersealcouldbethedifference
betweenlifeanddeath.Inanattack,you’lllikelyonlyhavesecondstoreachyour
maskandputiton,sopracticeuntilit’ssecondnature.
STEP ONEWithyourthumbsontheinsideofthemask,holditbythesides.
Insertyourchinrst,thenpullthemaskoveryourfaceandremoveyourthumbs.
STEPTWOHoldingthemaskinplacewithonehand,pullthestrapsoveryour
headasfaraspossible,thentightenthemfromthetopdown.Themaskshouldt
snuglyandnotmovewhenyoushakeyourhead.
STEP THREEPlacethepalmofyourhandoverthelterorairintake,and
breathedeeplyuntilthemasksealstightlytoyourface.
STEP FOURRemoveyourhandfromthelterandbreathenormally.Thenget
tosafetyasquicklyaspossible—thegasmask’scanisterhasalimitedltering
capacity,andtheclockisticking.
KNOW THE NUMBERS
Pandemic
200 to 500 million Most people
killed by a single disease, smallpox,
throughout history.
100 million Most people killed in a
single outbreak o a disease, the fu
pandemic of 1918.
95 percent Highest mortality rate in
a pandemic outbreak—the pneumonic
plague of the 1890s.
33.3 million Number o people
worldwide who are infected with HIV.
150 million Estimated death toll from a
feared H5N1 u pandemic.
2 percent Odds a new tuberculosis
inection will be drug resistant.
2 weeks Time it would take or an
airborne virus to spread throughout theworld’s entire population.
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099Whenthelightsgoout,it’sasuresign
theelectronshavegoneonstrike.You
neverknowhowlongapoweroutageis
goingtolast,soit’swisetobreakoutthepackofcardsandprepareyourselffora
longonejustincase.
GO OFF-GRID Turnofforunplugall
unnecessaryorsensitiveelectrical
equipment(electricstove,computers,
TV,soundsystems)soanelectricalsurge
orspikewon’tdamagethemwhenthe
powerisrestored.
BE REACHABLE Keepanold-school
cordedphoneonhand;it’slikelytowork
evenduringapoweroutage.
DEAL WITH LIGHTS Leaveonelight
switchedonsoyou’llknowwhenthe
powercomesbackon.Ifit’snighttime,
provideilluminationwithashlights
andcandles.
GO THE EXTRA MILE Ifsomeone
requireselectric-poweredlifesupport,
provideabackuppowersupplyinyour
emergency-preparednessplan.
Get Througha Power Outage
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©2013WeldonOwenInc.
415JacksonStreetSanFrancisco,CA94111www.weldonowen.com
Allrightsreserved,includingtheright
ofreproductioninwholeorinpartinanyform.
Outdoor LifeandWeldonOwenaredivisionsof
LibraryofCongressControlNumberonfilewiththepublisher.
ISBN13:978-1-61628-484-8ISBN10:1-61628-484-6
109876543212012201320142015
PrintedinChinaby1010PrintingInternational
President, CEOTerryNewell
VP, PublisherRogerShaw
Executive EditorMariahBear
Editorial AssistantIanCannonCreative DirectorKellyBooth
Art DirectorDianeMurray
DesignerMichelGadwa
Illustration CoordinatorConorBuckley
Production DirectorChrisHemesath
Production ManagerMichelleDuggan
VP, Group Publisher EricZinczenko
Editorial Director AnthonyLicata
Senior Editor JohnTaranto
Photo Editor JustinAppenzeller
2ParkAvenueNewYork,NY10016www.outdoorlife.com
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