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DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE
A FOCUS ON SEARCH AND RESCUE AFTER A LANDSLIDE
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NATURAL HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY
FOUR PILLARS OF FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE
A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN A CITY’S PUBLIC POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BECOME …
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
NON—RESILIENT IN THE RECOVERY PHASE
THE FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE
3. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EVACUATION; MASS CARE; SEARCH AND RESCUE; EMERGENCY MEDICAL;
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION; LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE)…
3. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EVACUATION; MASS CARE; SEARCH AND RESCUE; EMERGENCY MEDICAL;
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION; LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE)…
LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT OCCUR WITH OR WITHOUT
HUMAN ACTIVITY
NOTE: Mudflows can be similar to unstable flowing
concrete, which makes extraction of people very
difficult during search and rescue operations
PHENOMENA THAT INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• a) WINTER STORMS,
• b) HEAVY RAINFALL,
• c) FLASH FLOODS,
• d) PAST WILDFIRES,
• e) EARTHQUAKES,
• f) HURRICANES/ TYPHOONS,
• g) TREE CLEARING
• h) URBANIZATION
NOTABLE LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) OF 2010
TOGETHER, THEY CREATED A DIVERSE SET OF URGENT SITUATIONS CALLING
FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AND/OR EVACUATIONS
SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS: The Timely And
Intelligent Concentration of a City’s Resources to Meet
Extremely Urgent Needs During the First Few Hours and Days
After a Large-Volume Landslide
NOTABLE LANDSLIDES IN 2010
• MACHU PICCHU, PERU
• SO. CALIF
• MADEIRA, PORTUGAL
• INDONESIA
• BRAZIL
• COLOMBIA
MACHU PICCHU: JANUARY 28, 2010
On January 28, 2010, rain and mudflows devastated the homes of thousands of Peruvians living in the vicinity of Machu Picchu and stranded tourists visiting
Machu Picchu and the Peruvian authorities.
Peruvian authorities used helicopters to airlift some of the foreign tourists trapped by rain
and mudslides after seven people visiting the famed Inca
ruins had been killed.
More than 2,500 others were left stranded: 1,900 in nearby Aguas Calientes and 670 more on the Inca Trail, the narrow Andean
pathway up to Machu Picchu that had been cut in several places
by mudflows.
MUDSLIDES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA:
FEB 6-10, 2010
THE INTERSECTION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN SO. CA’s FIRST WINTER STORM OF 2010 AND BURNED OUT
AREAS FROM WILDFIRES OF 2009 WAS A Rx FOR LANDSLIDES
WILDFIRE BURN AREAS ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO MUDSLIDES
Forty-three homes in the La Canada Flintridge area of Southern
California were damaged and 800 more were evacuated Saturday,
February 6th, after water and mud overflowed basins and temporary barriers, and surged into streets,
taking furniture, cars and concrete barriers with them.
The intense heat from past wildfires also caused the soil to
seal itself, which made the mudslides move even faster.
FACT: MUDFLOWS INCREASE AFTER WILDFIRES
After 2009’s wildfires, the steep slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains
were shedding substantial debris (ranging from fine sediment to
large rock pieces) into the stream channels, which caused debris
flows after a storm to be similar to flowing concrete.
LA CONCHITA, CA
MUDSLIDES IN LA CONCHITA, CA: JAN 13, 2010
MUDSLIDES IN LA CONCHITA, CA
CARS TRAPPED IN FLASH FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES
CARS TRAPPED IN MUDSLIDES
MUDSLIDES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
ANOTHER VIEW
SHOVELING MUD
FLASH FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES IN THE MADEIRA ISLANDS,
PORTUGAL
AT LEAST 42 DEAD
FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010
LOCATION OF MADEIRA
WHAT HAPPENED
The worst storm to hit Madeira since 1993 lashed the south of the
Atlantic Ocean island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday,
turning some streets into torrents of mud, water, and debris.
WHAT HAPPENED (continued)
The flash floods were so powerful they carved new paths down mountain slopes and ripped
through the city, churning under some bridges and tearing others
down.
A RESCUE: FEBRUARY 21:
MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 21
MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 21
FEBRUARY 21: DAMAGED ROAD
MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 21
MUDFLOW: FERUARY 22
MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 22
SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS
After sunrise on Sunday morning, it was easier for rescue workers to
move around roads and bridges damaged by floodwaters and
littered with uprooted trees, cars and boulders.
FEBRUARY 22: SEARCH AND RESCUE
EARTH MOVER AIDS S AND R
RAIN, TREE CLEARING, AND MUDSLIDES IN
CIWIDNEY, INDONESIA
FEBRUARY 23-25, 2010
FEBRUARY 23: CIWIDEY, INDONESIA
FEBRUARY 23: CIWIDEY, INDONESIA
FEBRUARY 23: CIWIDEY, INDONESIA
RAIN AND LANDSLIDES NEAR RIO DE JANIERO,
BRAZIL
FEBRUARY 25, 2010
FEBRUARY 25: RIO DE JANIERO, BRAZIL
LANDSLIDE DISASTER IN COLOMBIA OCCURS DURING COLOMBIA’S WORST RAINY
SEASON IN DECADES
DECEMBER 6, 2010
LOCATION
Prior to Dec. 6th weeks of heavy rain across the country had already caused floods and
landslides that killed more than 200 people and
displaced thousands
A mountainside collapsed in the Antioquia province on Monday, December 6th, sweeping away
houses and burying villages and people under tons of rock and
mud.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
Local residents used their bare hands immediately after the slide to dig into tons of mud that buried 30
houses, and, in spite of the hopelessness of the task without
heavy machinery, were still able to save seven people.
Red Cross sniffer dogs identified locations where
victims were buried, but officials said it was hopeless, because it would take several days to dig
them out.
SEARCH AND RESCUE
The search and rescue operations were
hampered by continued heavy rainfall, which
increased the likelihood of additional landslides.
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